The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) consists primarily of 3 major classes of word descriptors -sensory, affective and evaluative that are used by patients to specify subjective pain experience. It also contains an intensity scale and other items to determine the properties of pain experience. The questionnaire was designed to provide quantitative measures of clinical pain that can be treated st...

introduction: low back pain (lbp) is the most common musculoskeletal disease. monochromatic infrared photo energy (mipe) and low level laser therapy (lllt) are light modalities used to reduce pain and increase blood flow. the aim of this study was to compare the effects of the mipe and lllt in reducing functional disability and pain as well as improving lumbar range of motion (rom) in patients ...

background: excessive lumbar vertebrae translation and rotation in sagittal plane has been attributed as an associated factor of lumbar segmental instability (lsi) and low back pain (lbp). reduction of these abnormalities improves back pain. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability exercise on the translation and rotation of lumbar vertebrae in sagittal plane in pat...

conclusions coq10 abolished neuropathic pain in cci rats. prevention of cell loss might be attributed to the analgesic effect of coq10. hence, it might be used as a therapeutic intervention for neuropathic pain. background oxidative stress contributes to neuropathic pain. coenzyme q10 (coq10) is used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. however, there is no report regarding the ther...

background: chronic non-specific low back pain is a common disorder that often has no clear mechanism. exercise therapy is an effective and safe method for treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders such as back pain. pilate’s and williams’ exercises are two types of distinct exercises used for the treatment of back pain, but there is no evidence for the advantage of these two exercises in ...

background: in recent years, the interest in relation to the identification of adaptive mechanisms through which people continue to improve their psychological well-being, despite the experience of chronic pain, has been observed. acceptance is one of these positive psychological factors. we aimed to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy for children with chronic pain on e...

patients afflicted with chronic pain have both physical and psychological problems. this research investigated the impact of the psychological factors in the treatment results of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) in the patients afflicted with chronic diseases. the subjects were 37 individuals (20 males and 17 females) with the mean age of 46 who had referred to two centers of ...

background: and purpose: back injury in nurses is one of the most common healthcare problems. the chronic low back pain leads to several problems including varying degrees of disability, impact on activities of daily life, physical and emotional problems, and serious impact on the quality of life. the purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life of nursing staff with chronic nonspeci...

chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (crmo) is an inflammatory bone disease usually affecting children. a 9-year old boy presented with recurrent lower extremities pain and discomfort lasting for two years. in every time, symptoms vanished after several weeks. the patient received antibiotics only in one period of bone pain. in other occasions the patient didn’t received any antibiotics. ...