Particular alkaloids produced by Neotyphodium endophytes show toxicity to invertebrates. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lamarck) cultivars and strains that are symbiotic with Neotyphodium endophytes have been recently established in Japan. N. uncinatum-infected Italian ryegrass lines accumulate N-formylloline, a type of loline alkaloid (1-aminopyrrolizidine) showing neurotoxicity to herbi...

in the course of our faunistic survey on leafhoppers (hem.: cicadellidae) in northwestern iran, 46 species were collected and identified of which the species macrosteles chobauti ribaut, 1952 is newly recorded from iran. drs. hani abdul-nour (lebanese university, lebanon) and paul freytag (university of kentucky, usa) confirmed the identification of the species.

The principal means of dissemination of phytoplasmas is by insect vectors. The interactions between phytoplasmas and their insect vectors are, in some cases, very specific, as is suggested by the complex sequence of events that has to take place and the complex form of recognition that this entails between the two species. The commonest vectors, or at least those best known, are members of the ...

A new monobasic leafhopper subgenus, Varicopsella (Multispinulosa) Li, Dai, and Li, subgen. nov., of the subfamily Macropsinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Membracoidea: Cicadellidae) is proposed to accommodate Varicopsella (Multispinulosa) hamiltoni Li, Dai, and Li, sp. nov.from Guangxi province of China. The new subgenus and new species are described and illustrated. They can be distinguished...

Clonostachys rosea (Link: Fries) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert, and Gams (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) has been reported as a mycoparasite of fungi and nematodes and as saprobe in soils, but this fungus has not been reported previously to be entomopathogenic. Many species of cicadellid leafhoppers cause economic damage to crops as vectors of plant pathogens. In the present work, we report the first re...