E-cigarettes, or e-cigs, are a member of a family of products known as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). While there?s no scientific consensus on the long-term risk or relative safety of using e-cigs, studies to date have shown that the devices transmit fewer toxins than traditional cigarettes. E-cigs are not, however, without health risks (read on for more information). While some u...

INTRODUCTION Awareness and use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has increased dramatically. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices deliver an aerosol comprised usually of water, propylene glycol and/or glycerin, nicotine, and flavorings. Scant research exists to evaluate the efficacy and safety of such devices, and only one quantitative survey of European users (N = 81) has been published. This ...

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins accelerate the endogenous GTPase activity of Galpha(i/o) proteins to increase the rate of deactivation of active Galpha-GTP and Gbetagamma signaling molecules. Previous studies have suggested that RGS proteins are more effective on less efficiently coupled systems such as with partial agonist responses. To determine the role of endogenous RGS prot...

Rowell TR, Tarran R. Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease?. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309: L1398–L1409, 2015. First published September 25, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00272.2015.—Chronic tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the lung, tobacco smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, and also causes chronic obstructive pulmonar...

CuIn12xGaxSe2 ~CIGS! is a leading candidate for high-efficiency solar cells, yet the defects and electronic structure that define performance are relatively unexplored. We employed low-energy depth-resolved cathodoluminescence to measure the local band and defect properties of epitaxial CIGS films having ~002!, ~220!/~204!, or ~112! orientations on GaAs substrates. Along with a near-band-edge e...

We report on a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell fabricated on flexible stainless steel substrate by a low cost mass production roll-to-roll process. Fabricated device has a high energy conversion efficiency of 14%, with short circuit current density (Jsc) of 36.6mAcm 2 and open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.55V. A two-dimensional (2D) simulation model for CIGS solar cell design and optimization was ...

Introduction. This review examines whether electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) implementation or vulgarization in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) could be helpful in curtailing the toll of tobacco smoking in the region. Discussion. There are about 1.3 billion smokers worldwide, with nearly 80% of them living in developing countries where the burden of tobacco-related illnesses and deaths is the heaviest. S...

The increased interest in solar power over the last few decades has led to a constant development of existing and new types of solar cells. One type of solar cell that is making advances on the global market is copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells. The advantage of thin film solar cells is that they require less semiconductor material than conventional silicon solar cel...

Copper-indium-gallium-selenium-sulfide (CIGS) thin film photovoltaics are increasingly penetrating the market supply for consumer solar panels. Although CIGS is attractive for producing less greenhouse gas emissions than fossil-fuel based energy sources, CIGS manufacturing processes and solar cell devices use hazardous materials that should be carefully considered in evaluating and comparing ne...

E-cigarettes, or e-cigs, are a member of a family of products known as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). While there?s no scientific consensus on the long-term risk or relative safety of using e-cigs, studies to date have shown that the devices transmit fewer toxins than traditional cigarettes. E-cigs are not, however, without health risks (read on for more information). While some u...