BACKGROUND The airway surface liquid (ASL), which is a fluid layer coating the interior epithelial surface of the bronchi and bronchiolesis, plays an important defensive role against foreign particles and chemicals entering lungs. OBJECTIVE Numerical investigation has been employed to solve two-layer model consisting of mucus layer as a viscoelastic fluid and periciliary liquid layer as a Newt...

Mucociliary clearance depends on the interaction between cilia and mucus; it is delayed in the presence of purulent secretions. Nasal mucociliary clearance was examined by the saccharin method and nasal ciliary beat frequency by a photometric technique. Four groups were studied: normal controls, patients with bronchiectasis without nasal symptoms, patients with chronic mucopurulent sinusitis al...

Active oscillators, with purely hydrodynamic coupling, are useful simple models to understand various aspects of motile cilia synchronization. Motile used by microorganisms swim and control the flow fields in their surroundings; patterns observed carpets can be remarkably complex, changed over time organism. It is often not known what extent coupling between due just forces, neither it if biolo...

The small dimensions of ciliary movement make viscosity of the medium a key factor in the hydrodynamic interaction of cilia. Because technical difficulties are encountered in direct observations of ciliary systems, little is known concerning the mechanisms by which the fluid medium actually influences the beat of cilia and metachronism. Gosselin (1958) observed in lateral cilia of mussel gills ...

The floor of the fourth ventricle in the mouse was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 1. The fourth ventricular floor is covered by a simple layer of ependymal cells, the cytoplasm of which is characterized by numerous filaments and scanty ribosomes. 2. The ventricular surface of the ependyma is studded with numerous cilia and abundant microvilli. In the medial part of th...

Tintinnids are a group of ciliated microzooplankton, who spontaneously settle on marine snow and other aggregates. create feeding current that draws particles towards their mouth using crown continuously beating oral cilia. Similarly to not all encountered ingested. However, it is unclear what the mechanistic behavioral basis this selectivity. Here, we used particle tracking velocimetry quantif...

Mucociliary clearance in the adult trachea is well characterized, but there are limited data in newborns. Cilia-generated flow was quantified across longitudinal sections of mouse trachea from birth through postnatal day (PND) 28 by tracking fluorescent microsphere speed and directionality. The percentage of ciliated tracheal epithelial cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry, was shown to...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) requires the analysis of ciliary function and ultrastructure. Diagnosis can be complicated by secondary effects on cilia such as damage during sampling, local inflammation or recent infection. To differentiate primary from secondary abnormalities, re-analysis of cilia following culture and re-differentiation of epithelial cells at an ...