Most modern entertainment gadgets, equipment and tools incorporate integrated circuits that perform some specific functions that make the entertainment experience fascinating for users. From the simple toys for toddlers to the complex game studios in casinos, hardware forms a major component of entertainment technology. With the advent of integrated circuits, and subsequent development of CMOS ...

Specification for circuit usually trys to accomplish certain goals. Examples: Protocol never deadlocks. Whenever there is a request, it is followed by an acknowledgement possibly in a bounded amount of time. Can check by simulating a number of important cases. Simulation does not guarantee correctness of the design. Big problem in asynchronous design where a problem only manifests under a very ...

Spintronic oscillators are nanodevices that are serious candidates for CMOS integration due to their compactness and easy frequency tunability. For a crystal oscillator to work, there must exist a feedback path with properly What practical circuits do is design such that we have a phase-shift of 180. A double balanced down conversion oscillator mixer using 90 nm CMOS technology is proposed in a...

Fin-type field-effect transistors (FinFETs) are promising substitutes for bulk CMOS at the nanoscale. FinFETs are double-gate devices. The two gates of a FinFET can either be shorted for higher perfomance or independently controlled for lower leakage or reduced transistor count. This gives rise to a rich design space. This chapter provides an introduction to various interesting FinFET logic des...

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging and promising technology that provides significant improvements over CMOS. Recently QCA has been advocated as an applicant for implementing reversible circuits. However QCA, like other Nanotechnologies, suffers from a high fault rate. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a fault tolerant model of QCA circuits by redundancy in hardware a...

Adders and multipliers are two main units of the computer arithmetic processors and play an important role in reversible computations. The binary multiplier consists of two main parts, the partial products generation circuit (PPGC) and the reversible parallel adders (RPA). This paper introduces a novel reversible 4×4 multiplier circuit that is based on an advanced PPGC with Peres gates only. Ag...