by considering certain factors like those mentioned by ian thompson (2005) in his definition of landscape, i.e. ecology, community and delight, in designing landscapes, one can find the vocation more applicable and useful. city rivers can play a very important role with regard to such values. in fact, the presence of nature and wildlife could not only be the lifeline of a city, but also a facto...

This document describe some of the most important aspects of the living lab proposal for a smart territory, our proposal include the development of a solution for both city and rural areas, we depict some efforts already available in rural and city and make a proposal to integrate a solution which combine several problems shared by cities and rural areas. Our proposal is based on a model that p...

purpose : to determine the association between astigmatism and spherical refractive error in a clinical population methods : in this cross-sectional study, 2,000 patients who presented to our optometry clinic were enrolled. all were tested for objective refraction with a nidek ar-310a auto refractometer, and non-cycloplegic refraction. for those under 15 years of age, cycloplegic refraction was...

Among the deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites discovered in the past 30 years, Lost City on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is remarkable both for its alkaline fluids derived from mantle rock serpentinization and the spectacular seafloor carbonate chimneys precipitated from these fluids. Despite high concentrations of reduced chemicals in the fluids, this unique example of a serpentinite-hosted hydro...

During the vast trend of urbanization, mobile sensing in metropolitan area has become an emerging fashion and prevailing technology to monitor the environmental changes and human activities in the city scale. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, namely, the Context-Aware Metropolitan Sensing (CAMS), to rise to the increasing challenges in context acquisition, context fidelity, context d...

BACKGROUND The expansion of urban slums is a key challenge for public and social policy in the 21st century. The heterogeneous and dynamic nature of slum communities limits the use of rigid slum definitions. A systematic and flexible approach to characterize, delineate and model urban slum structure at an operational resolution is essential to plan, deploy, and monitor interventions at the loca...

The study aimed to develop the education program in kindergartens Syria light of European model. sample consisted female kindergarten directors and teachers who were selected randomly from city Damascus. Also, used descriptive analytical method study, addition building a tool measure development educational programs Syria. Where questionnaire 19 items distributed on one axis: first axis include...

Measurements in a highly polluted Asian mega city: observations of aerosol number size distribution, modal parameters and nucleation events P. Mönkkönen, I. K. Koponen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, K. Hämeri , R. Uma, and M. Kulmala University of Helsinki, Department of Physical Sciences, Finland Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New De...

Research background: Previous studies on the economic and social development of urban agglomerations mostly focus a single primacy comparative analysis efficiency evaluation. Spatial structure differentiation is an important feature agglomeration. The lack spatial makes it impossible to determine positioning each city in agglomeration, which affects sustainable devel-opment ability these areas....