This paper studies the evolution of political institutions in the face of conflict. We examine institutional reform in a class of pivotal mechanisms—institutions that behave as if the resulting policy were determined by a “pivotal” decision maker drawn from the potential population of citizens and who holds full policy-making authority at the time. A rule-ofsuccession describes the process by w...

This study deals with the conflict of Nigerian Biafran War 6 July, 1960-15 January, 1967 as represented in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie‟s novel Half of a Yellow Sun (2006). The study attempts to address the following four questions: first, what are the causes-effects of Biafran/Civil war? Second, why Nigerians have been suffering during the wartime? Third, how does the representation of Nigerian hi...

Recently a class of scalable multi-star optical networks is proposed. In this network class nodes are grouped into clusters. Each cluster employs a separate pair of broadcast and select couplers. The clusters are interconnected via fiber links according to a regular topology. This approach efficiently combines time and/or wavelength division with direct space division. One important issue for t...

Numerous approaches in the social sciences either refuse to consider or minimize the importance of conflict in community, or else replace it with a Spencerian vision of the social struggle. Between these two extremes there is considerable space for us to consider conflict as a relationship; this is what differentiates it from modes of behaviour involving war and rupture. Sociology suggests diff...