the majority of bovine lameness involves structures of the digit. a prompt identification of problematic cases is needed to be done for prevention of premature culling decision. this cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out at an abattoir in the vicinity of tehran. 41 cases of culled lame cows, with special reference to the claw lesions and their distribution were randomly selected...

Lameness in dairy cows is a major cause of suffering and economic loss with up to 52% (average 20-25%) of cows becoming lame each year (Clarkson et al., 1996; Green et al., 2002). The vast majority of lameness cases are caused by a variety of non-infectious and infectious claw diseases causing severe pain, decreased milk yield, reduced reproductive performance, high culling rates and increased ...

Cutaneous horn is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal keratinized material and may occur in association with a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant cutaneous lesions. Cutaneous horn occurs very rarely in association with soft-tissue neoplasias. A cutaneous horn located on the toe was completely removed by excision in a 78-year-old male patient. Macroscopic examination reveal...

This research was supported by an Air Force O ce of Scienti c Research Grant. We thank Jay Servidea and James Roso for their assistance in running the psychophysical studies. Address comments to Michael J. Tarr, Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Brown University, Box 1978, Providence, RI 02912, email: Michael [email protected]. Version 1.2.4. Shaded images of the three views of the ...

The objective of this study was to investigate time lameness event, prevalence claw lesions, and their associations with animal-based welfare measures (ABWMs) in dairy cows. A total 120 non-lame lactating cows (n = 30 each from four intensive farms) having no lesion were enrolled the study. cow-level enrollment criteria included good body condition score (BCS), normal hock score, absence injuri...

Normal hand function is a balance between the extrinsic-intrinsic and extensor-flexor group of musculature. Although individually the intrinsics are very small muscles, collectively they contribute about 50% of grip strength. Total 19 patents with claw deformity were corrected by 4 different techniques. 11 claws were due to high ulnar nerve palsy and 8 were due to low palsy. Result was excellen...

The hoof plays an important role in the health and well-being of dairy animals. Consequently, mechanical properties of the hoof horn and changes in this tissue with nutrition or environmental factors are important concerns. A novel experimental approach for evaluating the mechanical behaviour of hoof horn has been developed. The process is comprised of obtaining incremental slices of hoof horn,...

The aim of this study was to examine changes in RNA expression for growth factors, cytokines, and receptors in epidermal-dermal tissues of the bovine claw relative to host age, claw segment, and disease state of the horn. Epidermal-dermal tissues were collected from the coronary, wall, sole, and bulb segments of 8- to 9-mo-old Holstein fetuses, normal adult cows, and adult cows with sole ulcera...