objective(s) this study planned to assess antidepressant like activity of aqueous extract from leaves of citrus maxima merr. (rutaceae). materials and methods boiling was used for aqueous extraction. acute toxicity study was performed in mice. antidepressant activity was studied using locomotor activity test, modified forced swimming test (fst) and tail suspension test (tst). three doses 100, 2...

In an earlier report, we demonstrated an antipsychotic-like activity of a methanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia Linn fruit in mouse models and postulated the contribution of its bioactive principles, scopoletin and rutin. Moreover, the antidopaminergic activities of scopoletin and rutin were reported in isolated vas deferens preparations. In the present study, scopoletin and rutin were asses...

The cerebellum fine-tunes motor activity via its Purkinje cell output. Purkinje cells produce two different types of spikes, complex spikes and simple spikes, which often show reciprocal activity: a periodical increase in complex spikes is associated with a decrease in simple spikes, and vice versa. This reciprocal firing is thought to be essential for coordinated motor behavior, yet how it is ...

In this study, we investigated the antipsychotic-like effect of methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa leaf (MMS) using in vivo and ex vivo studies. In vivo studies comprised of apomorphine-induced climbing behavior, haloperidol-induced catalepsy, and ketamine-induced social withdrawal tests in mice whereas the ex vivo study was conducted utilizing isolated rat vas deferens preparation. Acute...

Objective(s) This study planned to assess antidepressant like activity of aqueous extract from leaves of Citrus maxima Merr. (Rutaceae). Materials and Methods Boiling was used for aqueous extraction. Acute toxicity study was performed in mice. Antidepressant activity was studied using locomotor activity test, modified forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Three doses 100...

introduction: some studies indicate changes in the level of thyroid hormones in addicted people. also, there are some reports concerning the modulation of hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid axis in the context of morphine addiction. in the present study, the effects of thyroid gland activation via the acute and chronic administration of levothyroxine on morphine withdrawal syndrome were investigat...

The forced swim test (FST) is a preclinical test to the screening of antidepressants based on rats or mice behaviours, which is also sensitive to stimulants of motor activity. This work standardised and validated a method to register the active and passive behaviours of Swiss mice during the FST in order to strength the specificity of the test. Adult male Swiss mice were subjected to the FST fo...

The inferior olive (IO) sends excitatory inputs to the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei through the climbing fibers. In eyeblink conditioning, a model of motor learning, the inactivation of or a lesion in the IO impairs the acquisition or expression of conditioned eyeblink responses. Additionally, climbing fibers originating from the IO are believed to transmit the unconditioned stimulus...

Impaired behavioral activation and effort-related motivational dysfunctions like fatigue anergia are debilitating treatment-resistant symptoms of depression. Depressed people show a bias towards the selection low effort activities. To determine if broadly used antidepressant fluoxetine can improve reverse dopamine (DA) depletion-induced anergia, male CD1 mice were evaluated for vigorous escape ...