Adipogenesis involves cell proliferation and differentiation, both of which have been shown to be regulated by micro (mi)RNA. During mouse preadipocyte 3T3L1 cell differentiation, we found that miR-17-92, a miRNA cluster that promotes cell proliferation in various cancers, was significantly up-regulated at the clonal expansion stage of adipocyte differentiation. Stable transfection of 3T3L1 cel...

The traditional single clonal selection algorithm has a lot of disadvantages, for example, it is easy to be trapped into local optima, and it has a lot of massive redudacy iteration in its later period and inferior global search ability and so on. In this paper, a new artificial immune algorithm is proposed based on the clonal selection theory and the structure of anti-idiotype(IAAI), which is ...

A simple SAS software program (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina) was developed for fitting an exact formulation of the 2-stage clonal expansion model accommodating piecewise constant exposures and left and right censoring of observations. Data on leukemia mortality and occupational exposure to benzene among rubber hydrochloride production workers in Ohio (1940-1996) were analyzed by us...

To investigate the role of TCR signaling in the exit of CD4+ T cells from cell cycle, we took advantage of a low frequency TEa T cell adoptive transfer technique as well as the Y-Ae mAb to interrupt Ag/MHC recognition before the completion of clonal expansion. Termination of TCR signaling after 36 h of Ag exposure caused an immediate reduction in cell size and deceleration of G1->SG2M phase cel...

Salmonella enterica bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents, partly as a result of genes carried on integrons. Clonal expansion and horizontal gene transfer may contribute to the spread of antimicrobial drug-resistance integrons in these organisms. We investigated this resistance and integron carriage among 90 isolates with the ACSSuT phenotype (resistance to ampicil...

The relative ability of Th1 and Th2 T cells to help B cells remains controversial as do the mechanisms by which both T cell subsets provide help in vivo. Whether this help affects the clonal expansion and/or differentiation of B cells has been difficult to assess due to the low frequency of Ag-specific T and B lymphocytes. We have employed a novel technique to directly monitor the clonal expans...

Clonal heterogeneity and selection underpin many biological processes including development and tumor progression. Combinatorial fluorescent protein expression in germline cells has proven its utility for tracking the formation and regeneration of different organ systems. Such cell populations encoded by combinatorial fluorescent proteins are also attractive tools for understanding clonal expan...

Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), which include polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis, are characterized by clonal proliferative hematopoiesis with increased blood cell count. Clonal expansion mechanisms in MPN and related disorders such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remain to be elucidated. Although mutations in the JAK2...

Antigen receptor diversity underpins adaptive immunity by providing the ground for clonal selection of lymphocytes with the appropriate antigen reactivity. Current models attribute T cell clonal selection during the immune response to T-cell receptor (TCR) affinity for either foreign or self peptides. Here, we report that clonal selection of CD4(+) T cells is also extrinsically regulated by B c...

In the presence of antigen and costimulation, T cells undergo a characteristic response of expansion, cessation and contraction. Previous studies have revealed that population-level reproducibility is a consequence of multiple clones exhibiting considerable disparity in burst size, highlighting the requirement for single-cell information in understanding T-cell fate regulation. Here we show tha...