Allocation of scarce healthcare resources is a hot issue. We all believe resources should be distributed justly, the trouble is no one seems quite sure what is just. Should resources be distributed according to need, according to a legal or regulatory entitlement or according to what a person has earned? And who should decide? John Rawls offered us a thought experiment. Imagine that you and a f...

the correspondence between the elements of a story and its illustration has been eminent in the history of persian painting, achieved by the painter in both explicit and implicit manners. in fact, the painter painted the harmonious illustration by utilizing the essence and dominant element of the story. to do so, the painter confined himself to the most influential scenes of the story to be dep...

entangled with their historical and cultural contexts, sociological theories come into existence and try to explain social phenomena of their own society. hence, practitioners of other milieus with different accumulation of cultural traits must be aware of how they use non-native theories. a wide range of iranian sociological investigations, unfortunately, take benefit of western social scienti...

Salvador Allende Gossens was born in 1908 and died in the coup against his government on 11 September 1973. He was four times candidate for the Presidency—unsuccessfully in 1952, 1958, 1964, and finally successfully in 1970. He qualified as a medical doctor in 1932 but from his student days he was also active in politics, helping to found Chile’s Socialist Party in the same year as his graduati...

Today’s Internet is a virtually free resource. Its existence is based upon end-users freely communicating in an open environment. However, this free and open environment does not imply any value beyond the ability to communicate. Thus most of the information currently being exchanged is not deemed “valuable” in the business sense. However, as more and more business-related information is made a...

www.thelancet.com Vol 372 October 25, 2008 1457 Public-health posters are a window into the history of medicine and the politics of public health. Developed out of mid-19th-century mass media campaigns to sell products, announce performances, and propagandise in western and central Europe, they were intended to promote healthy behaviours among individuals and so strengthen the body politic. By ...

WORLD: DISASTERS ARE ‘BRAND AID’ OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOBACCO Philip Morris subsidiary Sampoerna’s sponsorship of a rescue camp for evacuees from the slopes of the erupting Mount Merapi in Java highlights how the tragicomedy of tobacco industry corporate social responsibility thrives in disaster-hit regions of the world. Sampoerna is reported to have paid for the camp, its aid workers, who wear re...

extended abstract 1. introduction today, villages with the notion of changes by particular social, cultural and economic factors. sum of these factors influence on the living style of residences in these areas, and at the end, they make a new life style. according to the given information, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the impacts of social, cultural, and economic factors ...

In Suffering and Virtue1, I examine defend the idea that suffering plays vital roles in a good life, contrary to prevailing wisdom is (always or typically) detrimental happiness well-being. book, whilst careful acknowledge obvious fact many cases deleterious happiness, propose it can, nevertheless, have both intrinsic instrumental value. argue forms of can themselves constitute virtuous motives...

Structural realism as developed by John Worrall and others can claim philosophical roots as far back as the late 19th century, though the discussion at that time does not unambiguously favor the contemporary form, or even its realism. After a critical examination of some aspects of the historical background some severe critical challenges to both Worrall’s and Ladyman’s versions are highlighted...