Studies investigating the effect of increasing CO2 levels on the phosphorus cycle in natural waters are lacking although phosphorus often controls phytoplankton development in many aquatic systems. The aim of our study was to analyse effects of elevated CO2 levels on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake. The phosphorus dynamic was followed in a CO2-manipulation mesocosm experiment in the Storfjärde...

A terrestrial-biosphere carbon-sink has been included in global carbon-cycle models in order to reproduce past atmospheric CO2, I3c and I4c concentrations. The sink is of large enough magnitude that its effect on projections of future C02 levels should not be ignored. However, the cause and mechanism of this sink are not well understood, contributing to uncertainty of projections. The estimated...

The rate of photosynthesis depends on the CO2 partial pressure near Rubisco, Cc, which is commonly calculated by models using the overall mesophyll resistance. Such models do not explain the difference between the CO2 level in the intercellular air space and Cc mechanistically. This problem can be overcome by reaction-diffusion models for CO2 transport, production and fixation in leaves. Howeve...

The notion is pervasive in the climate science community and in the public at large that the climate impacts of fossil fuel CO2 release will only persist for a few centuries. This conclusion has no basis in theory or models of the atmosphere/ocean carbon cycle, which we review here. The largest fraction of the CO2 recovery will take place on time scales of centuries, as CO2 invades the ocean, b...

Polar Oceans are natural CO2 sinks because of the enhanced solubility of CO2 in cold water. The Arctic Ocean is at additional risk of accelerated ocean acidification (OA) because of freshwater inputs from sea ice and rivers, which influence the carbonate system. Winter conditions in the Arctic are of interest because of both cold temperatures and limited CO2 venting to the atmosphere when sea i...

The reliable prediction of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations and associated global climate change requires an adequate understanding of the CO2 sources and sinks. The sparseness of the existing surface measurement network limits current knowledge about the global distribution of CO2 surface fluxes. The retrieval of CO2 total vertical columns from satellite observations is predicted to impro...

Partial premixing of fuel and oxidizer is of common occurrence in fires. However, most previous studies dealing with flame extinction have focused on nonpremixed flames. In this experimental–numerical study, we examine the effectiveness of fuel-stream versus air-stream dilution for extinguishing laminar methane–air partially premixed (PPFs) and nonpremixed flames (NPF) using the chemically iner...

Furnas volcano, in São Miguel island (Azores), being the surface expression of rising hydrothermal steam, is the site of intense carbon dioxide (CO2) release by diffuse degassing and fumaroles. While the diffusive CO2 output has long (since the early 1990s) been characterized by soil CO2 surveys, no information is presently available on the fumarolic CO2 output. Here, we performed (in August 20...

Experimental research investigating the responses of forest trees to rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 has for the past two decades been justified on the basis of the prominent role of forests in the global carbon cycle. The C cycle regulates the airborne fraction of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion, and, therefore, the rate of increase of CO2 in the atmosphere and the associated effects ...

By improving accuracy in the quantification of the ocean’s CO2 budget, a more precise estimation can be made of the terrestrial fraction of global CO2 budget and its subsequent effect on climate change. First steps have been taken towards this from an environmental and economic point of view, by using an instance based reasoning system, which incorporates a novel clustering and retrieval method...