Background: The widespread use of codeine in children has been questioned in recent years because of concerns about unpredictable analgesia and side effects compared to other agents. Objective: To debate the advantages and disadvantages of the use of codeine as an analgesic for children. Design/Participants: 2 debaters (a pediatrician from the United Kingdom and a pharmacist from New Zealand) p...

BACKGROUND The ease, noninvasiveness, and safety of oral fluid collection have increased the use of this alternative matrix for drugs-of-abuse testing; however, few controlled drug administration data are available to aid in the interpretation of oral fluid results. METHODS Single oral codeine doses (60 and 120 mg/70 kg) were administered to 19 volunteers. Oral fluid and plasma were analyzed ...

BACKGROUND Prescription opioid misuse has doubled over the past 10 years and is now a public health epidemic. Analysis of social media data may provide additional insights into opioid misuse to supplement the traditional approaches of data collection (eg, self-report on surveys). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize representations of codeine misuse through analysis of public p...

Some remedies have long outlived their usefulness and have thankfully been relegated to historical archives, supplanted by safer, more effective drugs. We no longer prescribe mercury loop diuretics or antisyphilitic arsenicals. Yet, the use of codeine-containing products persists for cough relief and analgesia in children. As Kaiser et al report in their study “National Patterns of Codeine Pres...

BACKGROUND Pain is the most common reason people see doctors in developed Countries and a very common cause of access in Emergency Department (ED). The combination acetaminophen/codeine represents the standard medication in the second step of the WHO analgesic scale and codeine is one of the most commonly used opioid analgesic for a variety of pain conditions. However, many aspects related to s...

BACKGROUND Both the illicit drug heroin and the prescription drug codeine are metabolized to morphine, which tends to complicate interpretation of opiate-positive samples. We report here the concentrations of morphine and codeine, the morphine/codeine ratios, and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) in blood specimens from individuals arrested for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in Sweden. The r...

Cytochrome P450; Drug Interactions; CYP3A4; CYP2D6; Metabolites; Opioids. Introduction metabolism of codeine, fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone, and . WebMD provides information about interactions between Codeine Sulfate Oral and. Buprenorphine effects in methadone-maintained volunteers: effects at two . Methadone is a potent drug, and can interact with other drugs to have block the high of other ...

Codeine is an old drug that still enjoys widespread clinical use although the logical basis for its popularity has been questioned. It is considered to be suitable for mild to moderate pain but not for more intense pain even in large doses. The World Health Organisation has devised a three-step analgesic ladder for the progressive treatment of increasing pain; on this codeine is considered a we...

There is very limited knowledge about possible pharmacokinetic interactions between opioid analgesics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used in combination for the treatment of chronic pain. The major metabolic pathway of the weak opioid codeine is glucuronidation to codeine6-glucuronide. Therefore we investigated the influence of the NSAID diclofenac on the f...

OBJECTIVE Paracetamol /codeine has shown a strong analgesic activity in several studies conducted among different kind of subjects, including those with trauma. Nevertheless, its efficacy in patients accessing the Emergency Department (ED) for different kind of pain has never been tested. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional, observational, prospective, cohort study. Inclusion crite...