Optokinetic nystagmus is the term applied to the nystagmus evoked by a succession of moving objects passing before the eyes (Brain, 1962). It has proved useful as a diagnostic tool in the examination of patients with neurological disease (Cogan, 1956; Huber, 1961; Smith, 1963; Walsh, 1957). Methods of inducing and suppressing optokinetic nystagmus have also been used as the basis for objective ...

THE cellular structure of the retinal vessels as revealed by the digest technique recently introduced by Kuwabara and Cogan (1960) has aroused widespread interest and speculation, especially concerning the nature and function of the cells to be found embedded in the walls of the retinal capillaries. Cogan and his colleagues at first thought that these were the nuclei of perivascular glia, but l...

We propose coupled generative adversarial network (CoGAN) for learning a joint distribution of multi-domain images. In contrast to the existing approaches, which require tuples of corresponding images in different domains in the training set, CoGAN can learn a joint distribution without any tuple of corresponding images. It can learn a joint distribution with just samples drawn from the margina...

BACKGROUND We undertook this study to analyze diagnostic and treatment alternatives in patients with skew deviation (SD). METHODS This is a prospective, observational and longitudinal study of patients with SD. The study took place in a third-level medical center during the period from September 2007 to May 2008. Strabismological exploration, multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment alternat...

THE cellular structure of the retinal vessels as revealed by the digest technique recently introduced by Kuwabara and Cogan (1960) has aroused widespread interest and speculation, especially concerning the nature and function of the cells to be found embedded in the walls of the retinal capillaries. Cogan and his colleagues at first thought that these were the nuclei of perivascular glia, but l...

CONGENITAL corneal opacities vary greatly in extent and location and are usually associated with other anomalies of the anterior segment. Although a variety of clinical terms, such as cornea plana, sclerocornea, Rieger's anomaly, Axenfeld's syndrome, has been used to describe these anomalies, recent evidence (Goldstein and Cogan, 1962) suggests that they are all closely related entities. Theodo...

AIM To document the ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) findings in Chinese patients with iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. METHODS 21 patients with ICE syndrome and 15 normal subjects underwent UBM. UBM findings of anterior segment were compared between normal subjects and three clinical types of ICE syndrome: progressive iris atrophy (PIA), Chandler's syndrome (CS), and Cogan-Reese syndr...

Nephronophthisis (NPH), a recessive cystic kidney disease, is the most frequent genetic cause for end-stage renal disease in the first two decades of life. Mutations in three genes (NPHP1, 2, and 3) were identified as causative. Extrarenal manifestations are known, such as retinitis pigmentosa (Senior-Loken syndrome, SLS) and ocular motor apraxia type Cogan. Recently, we identified a novel gene...