In this paper, we demonstrate how Functional Reactive Programming (FRP), a framework for the description of interactive systems, can be extended to encompass parallel systems. FRP is based on Haskell, a purely functional programming language, and incorporates the concepts of time variation and reactivity. Parallel FRP serves as a declarative system model that may be transformed into a parallel ...

in reinforced concrete design, there are situations where transfer of shear across a specific plane needs to be considered. examples of such situation include corbels, bearing shoes, ledger beam bearing, and a host of connection between precast concrete elements. in this study, the shear transfer behavior of reinforced concrete is investigated experimentally by conducting test on 6 precracked p...

The concept of an integrated strengthening and damping retrofit system was proposed to design reinforced concrete (RC) columns for their optimal performance under multi-level earthquake hazards. As illustrated in Figure 1, the system consisted of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets wrapping around a column and viscoelastic (VE) layers on the FRP sheets. The motion of the outer surface of the ...

During the past decades, FRP strengthened RC structures have attracted worldwide interest in both application and research. Nowadays, as more and more infrastructures are being suffered from severe corrosions due to harsh and extreme environments, the durability of FRP strengthened RC structures has generally emerged as the most important issue in research. Thus, the paper presents the latest p...

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental study on employing near surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement technique, and L?shape ribbed bars, for flexural strengthening lightweight reinforced concrete (RC) beams. 18 RC beams including 14 four normal-weight were designed. The strengthened with glass (GFRP) bars carbon (CFRP) laminate in bending tests....

The boundary paradigm, in combination with parafoveal masks, is the main technique for studying parafoveal preprocessing during reading. The rationale is that the masks (e.g., strings of X's) prevent parafoveal preprocessing, but do not interfere with foveal processing. A recent study, however, raised doubts about the neutrality of parafoveal masks. In the present study, we explored this issue ...

The flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) can be defined as a reduction or silence of myoelectric activity of the lumbar erector spinae muscle during full trunk flexion. It is typically absent in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Before any broad clinical utilization of this neuromuscular response can be made, effective, standardized, and accurate methods of identifying FRP limits are ne...

The use of composite materials for strengthening the ailing infrastructure has steadily gained acceptance and market share. Employing composite materials in strengthening of steel structures is the subject of this study. There are several challenges that face strengthening steel structures using composite materials. The superior mechanical properties of steel result in a reduction in the effici...

Concrete columns confined with high-strength fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites can enhance the strength as well as the ductility of such structures. In recent years, the use of FRP composites to repair and strengthen existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures has been widely used. When the columns of existing RC structures are wrapped with FRP composites, the core concrete of such col...

A global approximation method to optimize material architecture and cross-sectional area of new fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite beams is presented. The sections considered are intended for applications in short-span bridges. The beams are subjected to transverse loading, and the optimization constraints include deflection limit, material failure, and elastic buckling. Assuming a lamina...