The main subsystems of the CMS Tracker have been assembled together in a dedicated large clean room at CERN, prior to the installation in CMS. Following the integration of the Tracker a long commissioning period took place, during which, up to 15% of the silicon modules were operated and read out simultaneously at different temperatures. Some of the achievements of this commissioning phase are ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the work of commissioning care for people with long-term conditions and the factors inhibiting or facilitating commissioners making service change. DESIGN Multisite mixed methods case study research, combining qualitative analysis of interviews, documents and observation of meetings. PARTICIPANTS Primary care trust managers and clinicians, general practice-based commiss...

of being doctors “who have dropped off the hospital ladder, but it is foolish of them in the extreme to seek their revenge in their happiness at the destruction of consultants’ power.” Dr Bamji has the admirable quality of saying exactly what he thinks, but in this case it is also what a lot of other consultants think. The problem with this view is that you can’t have a purchaserprovider split ...

Introduction: Since commissioning beam data are treated as a reference and ultimately used by treatment planning systems, it is vitally important that the collected data are of the highest quality to avoid dosimetric and patient treatment errors that may subsequently lead to a poor radiation outcome. Beam data commissioning should be performed with appropriate knowledge and pr...

This paper develops a framework of empowerment within which to examine the commissioning process for nurse education arising from market reform of the British National Health Service (NHS). The paper argues that an imbalance in this commissioning process favours theoretical products, such as the diploma-level nursing curricula (Project 2000). Also, the university setting of nurse education is s...

The health reforms in England have elicited considerable public and professional angst and concern. There has also been a flurry of activity among GP commissioners and health managers trying to set up the clinical commissioning groups as well as simultaneously figure out how to carry out the task of commissioning. In the process, several key issues have surfaced that need to be addressed. First...

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192-beam laser system designed to study high energy density physics. Each beam line contains a variety of line replaceable units (LRUs) that contain optics, stepping motors, sensors and other devices to control and diagnose the laser. During commissioning and subsequent maintenance of the laser, LRUs undergo a qualification process using the Integrated ...

The use of modeling programs for accelerator beamline control and commissioning is becoming an accepted practice. For control applications, the goal in using these programs is to correct deviations in the beam measurements or to change the machine parameters. Since these programs are used for operation of the machine, they are a part of the on-line control system. For commissioning, the goal is...