Aim. This paper critically examines these political and informational aspects of hybrid as used defined in the West. Methodology. The applied critical discourse analysis to collected research materials. In this manner, power relations dynamics are revealed more clearly for reader. Results. It reveals that Western warfare consists constraining strengths opportunities other targeted powers while ...

Two German eye-tracking experiments tested whether top-down expectations interact with acoustically-driven word-recognition processes. Competitor objects with two synonymous names were paired with target objects whose names shared word onsets with either the dominant or the non-dominant name of the competitor. Non-dominant names of competitor objects were either introduced before the test sessi...

Ideal free distribution (IFD) theory has frequently been used to investigate habitat selection when fitness payoffs are frequency-dependent. To date, however, researchers have not considered the possibility that individuals may simultaneously differ in their ability to compete for resources and their susceptibility to predation. Such differences might be expected to occur as a consequence of di...

Territorial animals can be expected to distinguish among the types of competitors and noncompetitors that they encounter on a regular basis, including prospective mates and rivals of their own species, but they may not correctly classify individuals of other species. Closely related species often have similar phenotypes and this can cause confusion when formerly allopatric populations first com...

Listeners' interactions often take place in auditorily challenging conditions. We examined how noise affects phonological competition during spoken word recognition. In a visual-world experiment, which allows us to examine the time-course of recognition, English participants listened to target words in quiet and in noise while they saw four pictures on the screen: a target (e.g. candle), an ons...

The relative preference for a target product over a competitor can be increased by providing a third alternative (a "decoy") that is clearly inferior to the target but is not necessarily inferior to the competitor. In 3 experiments, we examined the conditions in which these decoy effects occur. When participants reported their preferences immediately after being exposed to the information about...