the main purpose of this paper is to apply of islamic transactions rules on iran capital market contracts by studying the economic actions of the individuals in tehran stock market. based on the theories of four major islamic laws, i.e., no damage rule, gaining from invalid activities rule, peril rule and usury rule; the basic islamic assumptions is drawn in order to testify in the capital mark...

Two objects o1, o2 of an information system are said to be complementary with respect to attribute a if a(o1) = −a(o2), where a(o) is the set of values of attribute a assigned to o. They are said to be complementary with respect to a set of attributes A if they are complementary with respect to each attribute a ∈ A. A multi-modal logical language for reasoning about complementarity relations is...

Received: 7 April 2003 Revised: 8 January 2005 Accepted: 22 February 2005 Online publication date: 22 September 2005 Abstract Since the 1990s, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has provided unique societal quasi-experiments, which represent opportunities to test the applicability of existing theories in international business and management studies and to develop new ones. Specifically, three li...

The acclaimed merits of analytical solutions based on a fictitious time developed in the 1970's were partially overvalued due to common misuse classical physical that taken as reference. With main problem artificial satellite theory model, we carry out more objective comparison both kinds theories. We find proper initialization notably balances performance two distinct approaches what respects ...

The field of gene therapy has been increasingly studied in the last four decades, and its clinical application has become a reality in the last 15 years. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, has evolved over thousands of years with its own unique system of theories, diagnostics and therapies. TCM is well-known for its various role...

The formal development of non-trivial, real-time systems can be made more manageable by using several complementary formal methods for diierent aspects of the development. In this paper we show how sound interfaces between diierent methods can be deened formally in the HOL theorem proving system and how we have used such links to solve a variety of problems. Our motivation for linking theories ...

Theories defined in higher than four dimensions have been used in various frameworks and have a long and interesting history. Here we review certain attempts, developed over the last years, towards the construction of unified particle physics models in the context of higher-dimensional gauge theories with non-commutative extra dimensions. These ideas have been developed in two complementary way...

Field Editor: J.J. Chrisman The informal economy consists of economic activities that occur outside of formal institutional boundaries but which remain within informal institutional boundaries for large segments of society. We draw from diverse disciplines to frame research concerning entrepreneurship in the informal economy around three separate theories: institutional theory, motivation-relat...