this paper aims at investigating evidentiality in contemporary persian from a typological point of view. first the category of evidentiality and its types in the languages of the world is introduced. gathering and analysing data of spoken and written form of this language as well as classic texts,  an attempt was made to see whether evidentiality exists in this language as a grammatical categor...

In the present paper we argue that the so-called sentence adverbials (typically, adverbs like probably, admittedly,...) should be generated, in the framework of Functional Generative Description, by means of a special deep case Complementation of Attitude (CA) on grounds of their special behaviour in the topic-focus articulation (TFA) of a sentence. From the viewpoint of the translation of CA e...

A short introduction to quantum error correction is given, and it is shown that zero-dimensional quantum codes can be represented as self-dual additive codes over GF(4) and also as graphs. We show that graphs representing several such codes with high minimum distance can be described as nested regular graphs having minimum regular vertex degree and containing long cycles. Two graphs correspond ...

An algorithm for automatic identification of topic and focus of the sentence is presented, based on dependency syntax and using written input, which is much more ambiguous than spoken utterance. 1. The dichotomy of topic and focus, based, in the Praguean Functional Generative Description, on the scale of communicative dynamism (underlying word order), is relevant not only for a possible placeme...

In our contribution, we relate the development of a richly annotated corpus and a computational valency lexicon. Our valency lexicon, called PDT-Vallex (Hajič et al., 2003) has been created as a “byproduct” of the annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) but it became an important resource for further linguistic research as well as for computational processing of the Czech language. W...

Introduction. The subject matter of this paper belongs to the general theory of sets. The objectives here are the examinations of the structure of classes of sets which are closed under various finite and transfinite set operations and those transformations which preserve these operations. The major results of this paper are partial extensions of (a) the well known theory of cr-algebras (e.g. [...

Cloning mice by nuclear transfer is conventionally performed using a one-step procedure. Recently an alternative two-step procedure has been proposed for generating mice that are clonally derived from a single somatic donor nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that such mice may not be clones of the original donor nucleus. In the conventional one-step cloning by nuclear transfer (nt), a donor cell nuc...

The aim of this paper is to compare the behaviour of Polish and Romance pronominal clitics in tense auxiliary constructions and to account for Polish facts. First, we present the system of Polish auxiliaries, briefly comparing it to Romance. Then, we discuss clitic climbing (CC), the phenomenon well-known in Romance. We contrast Polish CC with CC in Italian and French. Finally, we present a for...

The annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank is realized in two sub-collections which differ in the subtlety of annotation (the large collection and the model collection). In the present paper, we focus on deletions of complementations of verbs, postverbal nouns and adjectives, from the point of view of the annotators of the model collection. We inquire into the issues of deletions of parti...