The degenerate crossing number cr∗(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of crossing points of edges in any drawing of G as a simple topological graph in the plane. This notion was introduced by Pach and Tóth who showed that for a graph G with n vertices and e ≥ 4n edges cr∗(G) = Ω(e/n). In this paper we completely resolve the main open question about degenerate crossing numbers and show that c...

‎Let G=(V(G),E(G)) be a simple connected graph with vertex set V(G) and edge‎ ‎set E(G)‎. ‎The (first) edge-hyper Wiener index of the graph G is defined as‎: ‎$$WW_{e}(G)=sum_{{f,g}subseteq E(G)}(d_{e}(f,g|G)+d_{e}^{2}(f,g|G))=frac{1}{2}sum_{fin E(G)}(d_{e}(f|G)+d^{2}_{e}(f|G)),$$‎ ‎where de(f,g|G) denotes the distance between the edges f=xy and g=uv in E(G) and de(f|G)=∑g€(G)de(f,g|G). ‎In thi...

Let G be a 4-connected graph. For an edge e of G, we do the following operations on G: first, delete the edge e from G, resulting the graph G e; second, for all vertices x of degree 3 in G e, delete x from G e and then completely connect the 3 neighbors of x by a triangle. If multiple edges occur, we use single edges to replace them. The final resultant graph is denoted by G e. If G e is 4-conn...

Let G be a 4-connected graph. For an edge e of G; we do the following operations on G: first, delete the edge e from G; resulting the graph G e; second, for all the vertices x of degree 3 in G e; delete x from G e and then completely connect the 3 neighbors of x by a triangle. If multiple edges occur, we use single edges to replace them. The final resultant graph is denoted by G~e: If G~e is st...

‎let $g=(v(g),e(g))$ be a simple connected graph with vertex set $v(g)$ and edge‎ ‎set $e(g)$‎. ‎the (first) edge-hyper wiener index of the graph $g$ is defined as‎: ‎$$ww_{e}(g)=sum_{{f,g}subseteq e(g)}(d_{e}(f,g|g)+d_{e}^{2}(f,g|g))=frac{1}{2}sum_{fin e(g)}(d_{e}(f|g)+d^{2}_{e}(f|g)),$$‎ ‎where $d_{e}(f,g|g)$ denotes the distance between the edges $f=xy$ and $g=uv$ in $e(g)$ and $d_{e}(f|g)=s...

In this article, we introduce the concept of neutrosophic e-open and e-closed mappings in topological spaces studied some their related properties. Further work is extended to e-homeomorphism, e-Completely homeomorphism eT12-space establishes attributes.

Let G(V;E) be a graph. The common neighborhood graph (congraph) of G is a graph with vertex set V , in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if they have a common neighbor in G. In this paper, we obtain characteristics of congraphs under graph operations; Graph :::::union:::::, Graph cartesian product, Graph tensor product, and Graph join, and relations between Cayley graphs and its c...