by Drs Behura and Ahuga could not be investigated fully as the product sample was not made available to us for examination. However, by the nature of the product design, we can only conclude that either the valve was incorrectly positioned within the catheter housing or, once the valve was opened, by injecting through the side port, it was prevented from closing correctly. More than 1 billion B...

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In an earlier study, levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 are higher in blisters fluid from the complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) side obtained at 6 and 30 months (median) after the initial event. The aim of this follow-up study is to determine the involvement of these cytokines in long lasting CRPS1. Twelve CRPS1 patients, with median disease duration of 72 mo...

Background: Fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are both chronic pain syndromes with pathophysiologic mechanisms related to autonomic nervous system dysregulation and central sensitization.  Both syndromes are considered difficult to treat with conventional pain therapies. Case presentations: Here we describe a female veteran with fibromyalgia and a male veteran with CRPS, bo...

Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is infrequently associated with various malignancies, and may lead to severe pain in already debilitated patients. The causal relationship between CRPS-I and paraneoplastic syndrome, controversies in diagnosis and treatment, and new treatment modalities are presented.

Chronic pain has traditionally been defined as pain lasting more than three to six months. Many conditions in rheumatology can produce chronic pain. These include diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Pain in these conditions can usually be attributed to specific pathological mechanisms such as inflammatory synovitis or joint destruction. Effective treatment modalities are a...

Interventional therapies, including nerve blocks, drug infusions, and implantable pain treatment devices have all been advocated for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). This section will present information about the role of each block or technique individually and present an algorithm for a “best practices” utilization of these procedures to treat CRPS, citing the best avai...

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a poorly understood painful condition. There is pain in a limb, usually associated with sensory, motor, autonomic, skin and bone abnormalities. The symptoms are severe and have a debilitating effect. Often there is a history of trauma but the effects are disproportionate to the severity of the injury. It usually only affects one limb but in 7% of people ...