forming limit curve (flc) is an important tool for evaluation of formability of sheet metals subjected to different loading. free bulge of aluminume tubes has been investigated numerically to obtain flc. to verify the numerical results one experimental setup has been manufactured which has the ability of controlling the internal pressure and axial feed. in this study, time and zone of bursting ...

An autonomous instrument based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy has been developed and successfully deployed for measurements of carbon monoxide in the troposphere and tropopause onboard a NASA DC-8 aircraft. The instrument (Carbon Monoxide Gas Analyzer) consists of a measurement cell comprised of two high-reflectivity mirrors, a continuous-wave quantum-cascade laser, gas sampl...

A completely renewable baseload electricity generation system is proposed by combining wind energy, compressed air energy storage, and biomass gasification. This system can eliminate problems associated with wind intermittency and provide a source of electrical energy functionally equivalent to a large fossil or nuclear power plant. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) can be economically deplo...

Application of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in diesel engines has always been important, especially in the field of automotive engineering. This is due to easy accessibility, better mixing quality and good combustion characteristics of the CNG fuel. In this study the application of CNG fuel along with diesel oil in a heavy duty direct-injection automotive diesel engine is experimentally investi...

Increasing numbers of transit agencies across North America are making the choice to convert their bus fleets to compressed natural gas (CNG), and even more are seriously considering it. Natural gas buses now account for at least 20% of all new bus orders. However, it becomes difficult for fleet operators to fairly evaluate the potential benefits of an alternative fuel program if they are confr...

Between June 2010 and June 2011, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) gravimetrically prepared a suite of 20 carbon dioxide (CO2) in air primary standard mixtures (PSMs). Ambient mole fraction levels were obtained through six levels of dilution beginning with pure (99.999%) CO2. The sixth level covered the ambient range from 355 to 404 μmol/mol. This level will be used to c...