We studied gaze-shift dynamics during several gaze-shift tasks and during reading, in five subjects with convergence insufficiency (C.I., a diminished ability to converge), and in ten subjects without C.I. Furthermore, we studied the effect of vergence training in order to verify previous claims that orthoptic exercises can improve vergence performance. We recorded binocular eye movements with ...

We recorded the vergence eye movements that are elicited at ultra-short latencies when binocular disparities are applied to large-field patterns (Busettini, C., Miles, F.A. and Krauzlis, R.J. (1996). J. Neurophysiol., 75: 1392-1410) and determined their dependence on the preëxisting vergence angle (PVA). The search coil technique was used to record the movements of both eyes in four healthy sub...

Recent investigations of the three-dimensional (3D) binocular eye positions in near vision have shown that a full characterization of vergence requires incorporation of its torsional component. The latter has a proportional relationship with horizontal vergence and elevation, causing the eyes to have intorsion in near upgaze but extorsion in near downgaze. In this study, we focus on the dynamic...

Stochastic gradient algorithms estimate the gradient based on only one or a fewsamples and enjoy low computational cost per iteration. They have been widelyused in large-scale optimization problems. However, stochastic gradient algo-rithms are usually slow to converge and achieve sub-linear convergence rates,due to the inherent variance in the gradient computation. To accelerate...

Aftereffects of accommodation and convergence demonstrate the adaptability of these two visual motor systems. These aftereffects were reduced after ramp tracking exercises of either accommodation or vergence, and this reduced aftereffect or fatigue was associated with an increase of accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation. When one motor system (accommodation or vergence) adapted more...

We examined the effect of gap-overlap stimuli on the distribution of latencies for pure saccades, pure vergence and combined saccades and vergence in three normal subjects. With the gap stimulus, a distinct peak of "express saccades" occurred, both with and without associated vergence, but a distinct "express vergence" response was not identified. Nevertheless, with the gap stimulus there was a...

PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of home-based computer vergence therapy for the treatment of binocular vision disorders in adults at least 3 months after an acquired brain injury. METHODS Eligibility criteria included presence of binocular dysfunction characterized by receded near point of convergence (≥6 cm break), insufficient positive fusional vergence at near (failing ...

When a target travels slowly and smoothly along the line of sight of one eye, the eye that is aligned with the target remains stationary while the other eye adducts. The mechanism that is commonly invoked is that commands signaling conjugate pursuit and symmetrical vergence are combined. The two signals are in the same direction in the adducting eye but are in the opposite direction in the stat...

Until recently proximal vergence was considered to play only a minor role in the eye alignment changes that occur when looking between distant and near targets. We measured the magnitude and velocity of proximal vergence using infrared limbal sensing to record vergence responses between two untextured luminous horizontal rods which lacked disparity and accommodative cues. The magnitude of proxi...