In a semiconductor either electrons or holes typically dominate as dictated by the concentration of ionized dopants, and the nomenclature is n type for electrons dominating and p type for holes. Minority carriers are therefore holes in n type and electrons in p type. Electron-hole pair generation is a local disturbance from the equilibrium concentration. As electron hole pairs are formed, the d...

Fragile X premutations are known to be a risk factor for diminished ovarian function at a relatively young age. We studied endocrine profiles of female fragile X family members (n = 79) at risk of premature ovarian failure (POF). Of these 79 women aged <40 years, 45 had menstrual cycles, and 34 were using oral contraceptives. Of the women with menstrual cycles, the premutation carriers had high...

The growth processes of Tetragonal single crystals of solid solution (Cd0.6Zn0.32Mn0.08)3As2, space group P42/nmc, has been synthesized by Bridgman method. Conductivity and magnetoresistance of (Cd0.6Zn0.32Mn0.08)3As2 were measured in the range 1.6K to 300K and in magnetic field up to 25 T. Crossover from Mott variable-range-hopping conductivity mechanism close to helium temperatures. In this w...

Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) is as an important signal transducer of cellular responses to DNA damage and acts as a tumour suppressor gene. Mutations in the CHEK2 gene have been shown to be associated with increased risks to several cancers. In Poland four mutations in CHEK2 gene (1100delC, IVS2+1G>A, I157T, del5395) have been identified. Studies on our population provided evidence that CHEK2 tr...

alpha thalassemia (α-thal) is relatively common worldwide. most carriers are defective in either one or two alpha globin genes out of four functional ones, with deletions being more common than point mutations. the hematologic features are very important for the selection of the appropriate molecular tests while determining the genotype. the aim of this study was to compare hematologic features...

Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system which is involved in synaptic transmission, brain development, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Normally, the enzymatic destruction of glutamate does not occur in the synaptic and extracellular space, but glutamate is removed through specific transporter proteins, leading to stabilization of glut...

BACKGROUND Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is increased in elderly patients with mental illness. Also, patients with vascular disease have significantly higher plasma tHcy concentration compared with patients without vascular disease. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) status is associated with cardiovascular disease and a major genetic risk factor is inheritance of the e4 allele. In the pr...

The aim of the study is to observe prospectively the possibility of lowering the cancer risk among BRCA1 carriers by optimizing selenium concentration in diet/ organism. Results of studies performed in several centres, particularly of our own search, are strongly indicating on potential of decreasing breast/ovarian cancer risk among carriers by optimization of selenium concentration in the body...

Macroscopic concentration of massless charge carriers with linear conic spectrum Dirac Fermions (DF) was shown in 2004 to exist in Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) and governs its electronic properties. These carriers can have the same nature as DF observed in graphite monolayer (Graphene) and let to view HOPG as superposition of 2D carbon layers, almost independent electronically. We ...