The composite structural system (RCS) is a new type of moment frame, which is including a combination of concrete columns (RC) and steel beams (S). These structural systems have the advantages of both concrete and steel frames [1]. In previous research on composite structures, there are some studies regarding RCS composite conections, but there is no investigation about seismic resisting system...

Elevated rail transit has been developed in some big cities in China in recent years. However, specialized codes for design of the bridges in the elevated rail transit system have not yet been established. Based on the prestressed concrete (PC) box girder bridges on Guangzhou metro line 4, some technical features of design principle and technology requisition, ensemble plan and design load of b...

CLINICAL SCENARIO Ankle injuries constitute a large number of injuries sustained by adolescent athletes participating in high school athletics. Prophylactic ankle bracing may be an effective and efficient method to reduce the incidence of ankle injuries in adolescent athletes in the secondary-school setting. CLINICAL QUESTION Do prophylactic ankle braces reduce the incidence of acute ankle in...

As a form of treatment in cerebral palsy, bracing has yet to meet universal acceptance. 2 , 5 , 6 Besides published opinions slighting the value of braces, in practice one frequently encounters a prejudice against prescribing them in "spastic" disease. This attitude, it must be granted, is not groundless. Phelps, 4 a proponent of braces, refers to the danger of aggravating spasticity with brace...

background: rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (acl) would cause instability and disability and if left untreated. reconstruction is performed by different techniques including patellar bone graft, as the strongest device. application of brace after acl reconstructions has revealed doubtful results.   methods: one hundred acl ruptured patients randomized into two groups were reconstructed wi...

Concentrically braced frames (CBFs) are one of the efficient lateral load resisting systems in high seismicity regions. One of the common problems with the use of concentrically braced frames is limitation in the architectural application and position of the openings. Two-story X braced frames have more advantages than other configurations of concentrically braced frames, since in many cases th...

According to modern seismic codes, in concentrically braced frames the seismic input energy should be dissipated by means of the hysteretic behaviour of braces while all the other members (i.e. beams and columns) have to remain elastic. Accordingly, the design internal forces of braces are determined in these codes by elastic analysis of the structure subjected to seismic forces obtained by the...

Results 5 studies have been included (4 retrospective, one prospective), with a total of 416 patients, Cobb Angle range 25-40°, Risser 0-2, more than 10 years old, and less than 1 year post menarche at baseline. Pooling data, we had 40% of patients worsened >36° Cobb, including 27% with curves over 45°; 30% of patients were fused. Making subgroup analysis, we compared rigid braces managed accor...