Schizencephaly is a rare congenital brain malformation characterized by clefts in the cerebral cortex, it classified Type I (open lip) and II (close-lip). Patients with schizencephaly present seizures, hydrocephalus, motor mental deficits. Ultrasound used for in-utero newborns patients’ diagnosis, MRI or CT already born patients. The management of conservative, rehabilitation deficits, medicati...

Holter's invention of the non-retum valve and its use in ventriculo-caval drainage operations has been a revolutionary step in the treatment of hydrocephalus. The valves effectively control intracranial pressure and prevent the back flow of blood from the vascular system. This technique has been in use in this country since January 1958. In our unit 48 such operations were carried out during 19...

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare nonfamilial syndrome and characterized by large or numerous congenital melanocytic nevi and excessive proliferation of melanin-containing cells in the leptomeninges. It is believed to be an embryonic neuroectodermal dysplasia. Patients with NCM may develop severe hydrocephalus and other neurological symptoms with extremely poor prognosis. We report an in...

Severe congenital hydrocephalus manifests as accumulation of a large amount of excess fluid in the brain. It is a paradigmatic example of a condition in which diagnosis is relatively straightforward and long-term survival is usually associated with severe disability. It might be thought that, should parents agree, palliative care and limitation of treatment would be clearly permissible on the b...

The heterogeneous nature of congenital hydrocephalus has hampered our understanding of the molecular basis of this common clinical problem. However, disease gene identification and characterization of multiple transgenic mouse models has highlighted the importance of the subcommissural organ (SCO) and the ventricular ependymal (vel) cells. Here, we review how altered development and function of...

Congenital hydrocephalus is an etiologically diverse, poorly understood, but relatively common birth defect. Most human cases are sporadic with familial forms showing considerable phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity. We have studied the autosomal recessive mouse mutation congenital hydrocephalus ( ch ) to identify candidate human hydrocephalus genes and their modifiers. ch mice have a congen...

BACKGROUND Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause significant neurologic manifestations and other untoward sequelae. METHODS The Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory database was searched for data on infants 0 to 180 days old, in whom congenital toxoplasmosis had been confirmed and who had been tested for Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antib...

Abstract Background Encephaloceles are cystic congenital malformations in which central nervous system (CNS) structures, communication with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways, herniate through a defect the cranium. Hydrocephalus occurs 60–90% of patients occipital encephaloceles. Objective Assessment surgical management hydrocephalus associated encephalocele and its effect on clinical outcome. ...

Congenital cerebellar hypoplasia and hydrocephalus is reported in 8 Jersey calves. The possible relationship between this entity and BVDMD virus is discussed.