data envelopment analysis (dea) is a branch of management, concerned with evaluating the performances of homogeneous decision making units (dmus). the performances of dmus are affected by the amount of sources that dmus used. usually increases in inputs cause increases in outputs. however, there are situations where increase in one or more inputs generate a reduction in one or more outputs. in ...

Congestion management is a task performed by Independent System Operator (ISO) to ensure the operation of transmission system within limits. In an emerging electric power market, congestion management is highly important and inefficient management can be a barrier to electricity trading. To minimize congestion, it is required to maximize transmission line generation and decrease its cost. A Hyb...

T raffic congestion is a problem facing virtually every major metropolitan area in theUnited States. Because of prospects of continued traffic growth and relatively little money available for the expansion of highway networks, effective management of traffic flow is a vital concern. Within this context, perhaps one of the least understood and most disruptive phenomenon facing traffic flow manag...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a branch of management, concerned with evaluating the performances of homogeneous Decision Making Units (DMUs). The performances of DMUs are affected by the amount of sources that DMUs used. Usually increases in inputs cause increases in outputs. However, there are situations where increase in one or more inputs generate a reduction in one or more outputs. In ...

The objective of this paper is to define extension traffic simulation system (ETSS) and define analysis method and data required for traffic congestion analysis which is the focus of the research. As a benchmark, to better understand road traffic management, road traffic management is defined and how it has evolved over time. Research show that traffic congestion when happened, where, how, why,...

The road network is salvation for economy of any region and social welfare. In observation of dynamicity on road networks and the sharp increase of traffic congestion, accidents, states, the road traffic management becomes more challenging research area. It is need to develop efficient and optimized road network management to prevent the traffic congestion and accidents in the present developme...

Congestion management (avoidance and control) is a set of mechanisms used to prevent network congestion and assist in the recovery from it. The constant growth of the Internet many congestion control mechanisms have been proposed and some of them implemented on the global Net. Most modifications to the original TCP protocol have faired rather well and have preserved the scalability and the stab...

The Congestion Management process in California has been the subject of extensive discussions among many utilities in the world who are in the process of designing functional requirements of their Independent System Operator (ISO) and spot market or the Power Exchange (PX). Congestion Management is a major function of any ISO and is the process which ensures the transmission system does not vio...

This paper discusses the evolution of the congestion controls that govern all Internet traffic. In particular we chronicle and discuss the implications of the fact that the most significant "congestion signals" are increasingly coming from network operators, not the TCP stack. Providers now nudge users into different traffic patterns using a variety of new technical and non-technical means. The...