Until recently, growth stress studies have been made only on coniferous and dicotyledonous trees. Growth stress of trees is thought to be initiated in newly formed secondary xylem cells. This stress can accumulate for years and is distributed inside the trunk. Major characteristics of the trunk of monocotyledonous trees include numerous vascular bundles scattered inside the ground tissue and th...

Interactive and realistic rendering of forest is a challenge due to a huge amount of tiny geometric detail. We present an approach to construct continuous level of detail (LOD) models for coniferous foliage geometry. The models are defined with multi-resolution cylinders and semi-transparent lines. When a coniferous leaf is wider than one pixel on the image space, cylinder is used to represent ...

Nacrtak Over the course of a year, a consumer-grade GNSS receiver was used to collect data in three forest types in northeastern Georgia (USA). During each visit, fifty position fixes were collected to estimate a horizontal position. Since there has been a significant amount of debate regarding the appropriate number of position fixes to collect to determine a position, this analysis was conduc...

In recent years, airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) that provided three-dimensional forest information has been widely applied in forest inventory and has shown great potential in automatic individual tree crown delineation (ITCD). Usually, ITCD algorithms include treetop detection and crown boundary delineation procedures. In this study, we proposed a novel method called region-based...

Understanding the ecology of coniferous forests is very important because these environments represent globally largest carbon sinks. Metatranscriptomics, microbial community and enzyme analyses were combined to describe the detailed role of microbial taxa in the functioning of the Picea abies-dominated coniferous forest soil in two contrasting seasons. These seasons were the summer, representi...

1. In Europe, intensively managed coniferous plantations rarely achieve similar nature conservation functions as deciduous woodlands. The ability to identify coniferous plantations that might be successfully converted to deciduous woodland is a key goal in forest management. The herbaceous plant community composition of mature plantations may be an accurate selection criterion for stands that a...

This work develops methods to account for shoot structure in models of coniferous canopy radiative transfer. Shoot structure, as it varies along the light gradient inside canopy, affects the efficiency of light interception per unit needle area, foliage biomass, or foliage nitrogen. The clumping of needles in the shoot volume also causes a notable amount of multiple scattering of light within c...

Abstract The level of soil organic carbon (SOC) fluctuates in different types forest stands: this variation can be attributed to differences tree species, and the variables associated with soil, climate, topographical features. present review evaluates SOC stands determine factors responsible for observed variation. Mixed have highest amount SOC, while coniferous (both deciduous-coniferous ever...

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the potential of Hyperspectral Mapper (HyMap) data and a spectral mixture model to characterize forest stands in a mixed coniferous and deciduous forest. A HyMap image was flown over a standard research site in Western Switzerland in summer 1998. The research forest-site can be characterized as heavily mixed forest. HyMap data were used to map the fo...