INTRODUCTION Commercial multilateralism is losing spaces in South America to regional and bilateral agreements due to the lack of normative and empirical legitimacy of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This developing process is analyzed in the following article from the conceptual context of parts of the extensive and rich work by Julia Barragán. Her work also contributes with tools for ackn...

Scholarly work on the conquest of Muslim cities in so-called Castilian Reconquista has focused largely political consequences rather than rituals. Against previous background, this article turns attention toward civil and religious rituals associated with Christian as an expression triumph. Among these rituals, conversion congregational mosques been discussed chronicles liturgical books that re...

Abstract There is increasing agreement that states and other political actors on the world stage sometimes achieve international authority. However, there less about nature functioning of authority relations. What determines whether an actor will be recognized as authoritative actor? And what are effects thereof? In this essay, we identify four distinct conceptions in study relations: contract ...

The brilliant effect of the Buddha not only strengthens Buddhist believers’ psychological effects worship, consecration, and showing off merits, but also becomes an important dissemination method to attract public join in. Starting from golden skin ancient statues, this paper analyzes relevant historical documents unearthed objects gilded statues in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, China pays atte...