Advancing information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become central to international agricultural extension development efforts. ICTs are crucial in facilitating transfer, ensuring stakeholder access information, increasing the decision-making capacity of smallholder farmers. The research presented here introduces an instrument developed quantify perceptions ICT use within networks. ...

A consistent finding from recent research on harmful online behaviors is that they tend to be concentrated among a small number of individuals. Whether examining misinformation (Grinberg et al. 2019; Guess, Nagler, and Tucker Allen 2020), radicalizing or partisan content (Hosseinmardi 2021; Muise 2022), hate speech (Zannettou individuals typically accounts for the vast majority behavior. Despit...

Dvir, Maayan. M.S., Purdue University, August 2014. The Effect of Ostracism by Strangers on Romantic Relationship Evaluations. Major Professor: Kipling D. Williams. One behavioral consequence of ostracism is to seek and strengthen connections with others. The current research tests whether a brief episode of ostracism by strangers strengthens targeted individuals’ perceptions of their romantic ...

Traditional theories of animal rights are based upon the argument that species membership is a morally arbitrary feature in ethical reasoning. Rather than base moral standing upon common humanity, animal rights theorists have claimed that all sentient creatures, or creatures above a certain level of sentience, belong to the same ethical community, and thus are rights bearers. In this way, anima...

test washback is generally defined as the influence of tests on teaching and learning process. inspired by messick’s consequential validity and shohamy’s critical language testing, this critical impact study explored the transformative or reproductive practices different stakeholders undertake in relation to the detrimental impacts of konkoor in iran. the participants were 60 efl teachers, a sa...

This paper reports on the on-going evaluation of a computer-assisted system (CEOTS) for the assessing of spoken English skills among Chinese university students. This system is being developed to deal with the negative backwash effects of the present system of assessment of speaking skills which is only available to a tiny minority. We present data from a survey of students at the developing in...

Spherical Units can be used to construct dynamic reconfigurable consequential regions, the geometric bases for Shepard's (1987) theory of stimulus generalization in animals and humans. We derive from Shepard's (1987) generalization theory a particular multi-layer network with dynamic (centers and radii) spherical regions which possesses a specific mass function (Cauchy). This learning model gen...