the pseudo-elastic behavior of shape memory alloy (sma) truss and cantilever beam are investigated. brinson’s one-dimensional material model, which uses the twinned and detwinned martensite fractions separately as internal variables, is applied in the algorithm to establish the sma stress-strain characteristics. this material model also incorporates different young’s modulus for austenitic and ...

 Microsegregation is one of the most important phenomena occurs during solidification. It usually results in formation of some unexpected second phases which generally affect the mechanical properties and specially reduce the workability of casting products. The aim of this research is to study the effect of cooling rate and grain refinement on the microsegregation in Al-4.8 wt.% Cu. For this p...

In orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)based wireless local area networks (WLANs), phase noise (PHN) and residual frequency offset (RFO) can cause the common phase error (CPE) and the inter-carrier interferences (ICI), which seriously degrade the performance of systems. In this letter, we propose a combined pilot symbol assisted and decision-directed channel estimation scheme based...

This paper investigates the effects of phase noise on the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems using an Intercarrier Interference (ICI) cancellation scheme. In this case, the Common Phase Error (CPE) and ICI caused by phase noise depend on the overall spectrum of each weighted group of subcarriers rather than on the spectrum of each individual subcarrier. Thi...

Selection of engineering consultants by bid price alone is considered problematic, as the quality of service provided by incapable or unsuitable consultants could in turn affect the time, cost and quality throughout the entire project life cycle. In view of the deficiencies of fee-based methods, project owners in many advanced countries now in favor of adopting Quality-Based Selection (QBS) app...

A field experiment was conducted in the 1998 dry season at Kadawa, Nigeria to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 or 180 kg N ha ), phosphorus (0, 20 or 40 kg P ha ) and irrigation 1 1 (0.6, 0.8 or 1.0 IW/CPE ratio) on nutrient concentration and accumulation in maize. The experiment was a split plot design with four replications, the main plot was nitrogen level x i...