The authors previously described a procedure that permits rapid, multiple within-participant evaluations of contingency assessment (the "streamed-trial" procedure, M. J. C. Crump, S. D. Hannah, L. G. Allan, & L. K. Hord, 2007). In the present experiments, they used the streamed-trial procedure, combined with the method of constant stimuli and a binary classification response, to assess the psyc...

Contingency analysis (CA) is a well-known function in power system planning and operation. In accordance with CA results, the operator dispenses information regarding static security of (overloads and/or voltage outside tolerable limits). However, classic remedial action schemes cannot distinguish safe operating regimes from potentially dangerous ones terms (in)stability. fact, instability cons...

Contingency analysis and risk assessment are important tasks for the safe operation of electrical energy networks. During the steady state study of an electrical network any one of the possible contingencies can have either no effect, or serious effect, or even fatal results for the network safety, depending on a given network operating state. Load flow analysis can be used as a crisp technique...

In this article we provide an epistemological analysis of three uses of the concept of contingency in biology. On the basis of this analysis we propose a heuristic solution to the issue of contingency versus determinism in the domain of studies on the origin of life, which makes it possible to approach this problem from a scientific point of view rather than by recurring to belief.

In the area of power system planning and operation, contingency analysis plays an important role. In the present days, on-line security assessment is done by contingency ranking, with the help of various computer software, incorporating iterative method like Newton Raphson power flow for obtaining the magnitudes of different parameters. The motive of contingency ranking is to create a short lis...

In information security, ignorance is not bliss. It is always stated that hiding the protocols (let the other be ignorant about it) does not increase the security of organizations. However, there are cases that ignorance creates protocols. In this paper, we propose distributed contingency logic, a proper extension of contingency (ignorance) logic. Intuitively, a formula is distributed contingen...