We present two families of exponential lower bounds on the size of modal formulae and use them to establish the following succinctness results. We show that the logic of contingency (ConML) is exponentially more succinct than basic modal logic (ML). We strengthen the known proofs that the so-called public announcement logic (PAL) in a signature containing at least two different diamonds and one...

We develop a rule-based contingency misfit model and related hypotheses to test empirically the Burton and Obel (1998) multicontingency model for strategic organizational design. The model is a set of “if-then” misfit rules, in which misfits lead to a loss in performance; they are complements to the strategy and organizational contingency theory fit rules. Using data from 224 smalland medium-si...

This study focuses on market orientation (MO) and customer intimacy (CI) in business-to-business marketing. These are generally regarded as key success factors in marketing. The authors argue, however, that the relationship between MO and customer relationship has not been properly examined, nor has its dependence on a firm’s strategic market posture been understood. A contingency framework is ...

Abstract Many philosophers are baffled by necessity. Humeans, in particular, deeply disturbed the idea of necessary laws nature. In this paper I offer a systematic yet down to earth explanation necessity and terms invariance. The type invariance employ for purpose generalizes an used meta-logic. main is that properties relations general have certain degrees invariance, some properties/relations...

A Markov Logic Network is composed of a set of weighted first-order logic formulas. In this dis-sertation we propose several methods to learn a MLN structure from a relational dataset. Thesemethods are of two kinds: methods based on propositionalization and methods based on Graphof Predicates. The methods based on propositionalization are based on the idea of building aset o...

Two rationality arguments are used to justify the link between conditional and unconditional preferences in decision theory: dynamic consistency and consequentialism. Dynamic consistency requires that ex ante contingent choices are respected by updated preferences. Consequentialism states that only those outcomes which are still possible can matter for updated preferences. We test the descripti...

The most successful semantics for modal logic in the narrow sense, the logic of possibility, necessity, impossibility and contingency, has been possible worlds semantics. And though various kinds of algebraic semantics (as in Bealer 1982) are emerging as noteworthy rivals to possible worlds semantics in the area of general intensional logic (such as the logic of propositional attitudes, etc.), ...

In this paper a Bayesian logic of the conjunction fallacy (CF) is advocated as a normative and descriptive proposal for testing hypotheses about dyadic logical connectors. According to traditional extensional probability a violation of additivity and, in particular, a violation of P(A) ≥ P(A ∧ B) or of P(Linda is a bank teller) ≥ P(Linda is a bank teller AND an active feminist) is a fallacy. Th...

This article introduces the Haitian Independence Debt of 1825 to odious debt and sovereign literatures. We argue that legal doctrine is surprisingly perhaps indefensibly narrow possibly because historical contingency rather than any underlying logic or principle. The story serves as an illustrative case study. In context telling story, we provide estimates evolution Haiti’s external debt-to-GDP...