In recent years, there is a development of vaginal contraceptives incorporating potent spermicides. Many compounds with different pharmacological activity have been evaluated in vitro for their spermicidal activity. Drugs such as surfaceactive agents (synthetic and natural), ionophores, antiliquefying agents, antimicrobial agents and miscellaneous agents such as gossypol, Azadirachta indica, va...

The factor VIII clotting activity (VIIIc1 and factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) were determined repeatedly in 24 pairs of age-matched normal women, one of each pair being on oral contraceptives. No significant differences in either parameter or in the VIIIc/VIIIRAg ration were found between the two groups ,although the mean factor VIII clotting activity and VIIIc/VIIIRAg ratios for women on...

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Long-acting reversible contraceptive methods are the most effective reversible contraceptives and have an excellent safety record. Although uncommon, possible long-acting reversible contraceptive complications should be included in the informed consent process. Obstetrician-gynecologists and other gynecologic care providers should understand the diagnosis and management of common clinical chall...

O N  June  the United States celebrated the fortieth anniversary of the approval of Enovid, the first oral contraceptive.1 From the time of the first clinical trials to the present, nearly  million women have swallowed various formulations of the contraceptive pill, making it one of the most widely consumed class of drugs in the world. By the end of the twentieth century oral contracep...