Psychophysical studies have shown that human observers resolve shape-from-shading ambiguities by assuming that light is coming from above-left. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we measured the processing time of the perception of an ambiguous shaded pattern. We found that the N2 component followed the change of perceived shape with stimulus orientation. We also found that the P1 component...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mechanisms involving light control of vitamin C content in fruits are not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of fruit and leaf shading on ascorbate (AsA) accumulation in tomato fruit and to determine how fruit sugar content (as an AsA precursor) affected AsA content. METHODS Cherry tomato plants were grown in a glasshouse. The control ...

The pattern of illumination on an undulating surface can be used to infer its 3-D form (shape-from-shading). But the recovery of shape would be invalid if the luminance changes actually arose from changes in reflectance. So how does vision distinguish variation in illumination from variation in reflectance to avoid illusory depth? When a corrugated surface is painted with an albedo texture, the...

Aims Land use management affects plant carbon (C) supply and soil environments and hence alters soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, with consequent feedbacks to terrestrial ecosystem productivity. The objective of this study was to better identify mechanisms by which land-use management (clipping and shading) regulates soil N in a tallgrass prairie, OK, USA. Methods We conducted 1-year clipping and sha...

In this paper, a fault detection method for photovoltaic module under partially shaded conditions is introduced. It consists to use an artificial neural network in order to estimate the output photovoltaic current and voltage under variable working conditions. The measured data (solar irradiance, cell temperature, photovoltaic current and voltage) at Renewable Energy Laboratory REL, Jijel Unive...

For quite a while architects have been dreaming of architecture that can change its appearance. The motivation for such a change ranges from rational adaptation to environmental variation according to a time of day, season, or temperature, to pure aesthetics and ordinary commercialism. One of the most recognized examples is Jean Nouvel’s Arab World Institute in Paris, where 30 000 light-sensiti...

Maize is one of the most important crops globally that provides food, feed, and bioenergy. However, shading stress threatens maize production. In this study, we investigated the effects of shading on photosynthate accumulation and distribution of summer maize in the field. Zhengdan958 (ZD958) and Denghai 605 (DH605) were used as experimental materials in a field experiment running from 2013 to ...

In this study we explore the impact of asymmetrical vs. uniform crown shading on the mortality and growth of upper and lower branches within tree crowns, for two conifer species: shade intolerant lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and shade tolerant white spruce (Picea glauca). We also explore xylem hydraulics, foliar nutrition, and carbohydrate status as drivers for growth and expansion of the lo...

The porang plant is a tuber-producing developed because it can increase farmers' income. Sunlight intensity and the growing environment are essential factors that affect growth yield of plants. research aims to get best shade, planting media formulation, their interaction for development outcome This study applied randomized group design with factorial pattern. first factor 50%, 70%, 90% shade....