Three-dimensional microscale dynamics of convective adjustment and mixing in and around the Venusian lower cloud layer were investigated using an idealized Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. As control parameters of the idealized experiment, the present work introduces an initial lapse rate in the convective layer and thermal flux associated with the infrared flux gap at cloud base. ...

Bloodstream infection (BSI), an expensive and deadly condition, burdens healthcare. Improved BSI treatment relies on rapid, point-of-care diagnosis of causative species and presence of plasmid-mediated drug resistance. We have designed, fabricated and assembled an apparatus for automated PCR amplification by wire-guided droplet manipulation (WDM). WDM minimizes thermal resistance and exploits c...

As semiconductor devices continuously get both smaller and faster, a profound analysis of the dynamic (time-dependent) thermal behaviour is becoming more and more important. In this article some basic concepts and numerical methods for thermal characterization in the frequency domain are explained. Two practical examples are given. First a simple model is presented for a small package mounted o...

Convective heating and cooling of the surfaces find application in process industry. During the heating or cooling cycle of the process, thermodynamic irreversibility which can be associated with the process parameters occurs. Moreover, thermodynamic irreversibility associated with the heating cycle can be quantified through entropy analysis. In the present study, convective heating of the soli...

We have studied the evolution of intermediate mass (M≥ 5M⊙) zero metal (Z=0) stars with particular attention to the AGB phase. At variance with previous claims we find that these stars experience thermal instability (the so called thermal pulses). The critical quantity which controls the onset of a thermally pulsing phase is the amount of CNO in the envelope during the AGB. For these stars the ...

Motivated by recent experimental and numerical results, a simple unifying picture of intermittency in turbulent shear flows is suggested. Integral structure functions (ISF), taking into account explicitly the shear intensity, are introduced on phenomenological grounds. ISF can exhibit a universal scaling behavior, independent of the shear intensity. This picture is in satisfactory agreement wit...

Polybia spinifex Richards (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) constructs mud nests characterized by a long slit-like entrance. The ventilation and thermal characteristics of the P. spinifex nest were investigated to determine whether the nest microclimate is automatically maintained due to the size of the entrance. In order to examine this hypothesis, a numerical simulation was employed to predict the effe...

Convective motions in the deep layers of solar convection zone are affected by rotation, making convective heat transport latitude-dependent, but this is not case top near surface. We use thermal wind balance condition deeper to estimate pole–equator temperature difference. Surface observations difference can be used for estimating depth near-surface layer within which rotation. If we require t...