This paper uses in-depth interviews with Finance Directors from UK firms that have recently issued convertible preference shares. The study examines the particular circumstances that were taken into account into the decision to issue convertible preference shares rather than the more common instruments of pure debt or pure equity. The paper relates the findings from the interviews to three theo...

The objectives of the study were to determine the most effective and reliable means of restraining children on an ambulance cot and to develop recommended field procedures for emergency medical service providers. A series of crash tests at 48 km/h were conducted using convertible child restraints, car beds, and harness systems tested with 3-year, infant, and 6-year size dummies. Belt configurat...

A convertible bond is defined to be (e.g., Jorion [10]) a bond issued by a corporation that can be converted into the equity of that corporation at certain times using a predetermined exchange ratio. This entails the creation of new shares issued by the corporation if and when conversion occurs, and the existing shares are diluted by the creation of the new shares. The option to convert is sole...

In ordinary digital signature schemes, anyone can verify signatures with signer’s public key. However it is not necessary for anyone to be convinced a justification of signer’s dishonorable message such as a bill. It is enough for a receiver only to convince outsiders of signature’s justification if the signer does not execute a contract. On the other hand there exist messages such as official ...

The flow-induced deformation of a membrane in a flow is studied using experimental and computational approaches in a configuration that represents the effect of the aerodynamic load on a convertible car roof. The computational method couples a commercial computational fluid dynamics code with an in-house structural code to predict membrane deformation. A converged statically deformed state, wit...

Entanglement bits or “ebits” have been proposed as a quantitative measure of a fundamental resource in quantum information processing. For such an interpretation to be valid, it is important to show that the same number of ebits in different forms or concentrations are inter-convertible in the asymptotic limit. Here we draw attention to a very important but hitherto unnoticed aspect of entangle...

In this article, we provide a detailed guide to the construction of a convertible optical trapping system for either single-beam or counter-propagating trap. The single-beam trap maintains all the functionalities that a conventional optical tweezer has. While the counter-propagating trap allows for the trapping of particles that single-beam trap cannot handle. The counter-propagating trap can b...

Many variants of Chaum and van Antwerpen’s undeniable signatures have been proposed to achieve specific properties desired in real-world applications of cryptography. Among them, directed signatures were introduced by Lim and Lee in 1993. Directed signatures differ from the well-known confirmer signatures in that the signer has the simultaneous abilities to confirm, deny and individually conver...

[reaction: see text] A convertible nucleoside was synthesized and used to prepare the 2'-deoxynucleoside of 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole, a putative in vivo product of the reaction of peroxynitrite with guanine. The convertible nucleoside was incorporated into an oligodeoxynucleotide by the phosphoramidite method and converted postsynthetically to yield an oligodeoxynucleotide containing 5-guan...