25 Forehead cooling activates the sympathetic nervous system and can trigger 26 angina pectoris in susceptible individuals. However, the effect of forehead cooling on 27 coronary blood flow velocity (CBV) is not well understood. In this human experiment, we 28 tested the hypotheses 1) that forehead cooling reduces CBV (i.e., coronary 29 vasoconstriction); and 2) this vasoconstrictor effect woul...

one of the most important methods of transporting natural gas in iran and other parts of the world is the utilization of a network of pipelines. compression station and turbo compressor units play an important role in gas supply through pipelines. one of the primary concerns in these units is the reduction of fuel consumption. by cooling of exhaust gas from the source station, the pressure drop...

Although pre-cooling is known to enhance exercise performance, the optimal cooling intensity is unknown. We hypothesized that mild cooling opposed to strong cooling circumvents skin vasoconstriction and thermogenesis, and thus improves cooling efficiency reflected in improved time to exhaustion. Eight males undertook three randomized trials, consisting of a pre-cooling and an exercise session. ...

We study the influence of converging cooling flow bulk motions on the SunyaevZel’dovich (SZ) effect. To that purpose we derive a modified Kompaneets equation which takes into account the contribution of the accelerated electron media of the cooling flow inside the cluster frame. The additional term is different from the usual kinematic SZ-effect, which depends linearly on the velocity, whereas ...

The combined influence of both melt filtration and cooling rate on the microstructure features and mechanical properties of A356 cast alloy was studied. A step casting model with five different thicknesses was used to obtain different cooling rates. The effect of melt filtration was studied by using of 10 and 20 ppi ceramic foam filters in the runner. Results showed that secondary dendrite arm ...

Silicon nanowire (SiNW) based thermoelectric device (TED) has potential applications in areas such as chip level cooling/ energy harvesting. It is a great challenge however, to assemble an efficient device with these SiNW. The presence of parasitic in the form of interfacial electrical resistance will have a significant impact on the performance of the TED. In this work, we explore the effect o...

A currently active radio galaxy sits at the center of almost every strong cooling core. What effect does it have on the cooling core? Could its effect be strong enough to offset the radiative cooling which should be occuring in these cores? In order to answer these questions we need to know how much energy the radio jet carries to the cooling core; but we have no way to measure the jet power di...

In this study, the thermal performance of the printed circuit board (PCB) as a heat sink for the light-emitting diode (LED) bulb is analyzed. Cooling air is drawn through the bottom inlet of a case and exchanges heat from a vertically aligned PCB acting as a heat sink fin. The air then exits through a top outlet. Cooling performance is improved by arranging parallel PCBs to form a channel. Heat...

Insulation reduces heat exchange between a body and the environment. Glabrous (nonhairy) skin surfaces (palms of the hands, soles of the feet, face, and ears) constitute a small percentage of total body surface area but contain specialized vascular structures that facilitate heat loss. We have previously reported that cooling the glabrous skin surfaces is effective in alleviating heat stress an...

The delayed outward current in snail neurones was separated into two components with different temperature sensitivity: (i) a persistent component and (ii) a transient (inactivating) component. The effect of cooling on the value of the transient current is strongly dependent upon the value of the conditioning potential. It was supposed that cooling causes a decrease in the negative surface pote...