نتایج جستجو برای: cooling slope
تعداد نتایج: 106769 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We report on X-ray, optical, and infrared follow-up observations of GRB 980703. We detect a previously unknown X-ray source in the GRB error box ; assuming a power-law decline, we Ðnd for its decay index a \[0.91 (3 p). We invoke host-galaxy extinction to match the observed spectral slope with the slope expected from ““ Ðreball ÏÏ models. We Ðnd no evidence for a spectral break in the infrared ...
The knowledge of the thermodynamic process during the cooling of reproductive biological systems is important to assess and optimize the cryopreservation procedures. The time-temperature curve of a sample immersed in liquid nitrogen enables the calculation of cooling rates and helps to determine whether it is vitrified or undergoes phase change transition. When dealing with cryogenic liquids, t...
We study the effects of radiative cooling and galaxy formation on the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) observable-mass relations using high-resolution cosmological simulations. The simulations of eleven individual clusters spanning a decade in mass are performed with the shock-capturing eulerian adaptive mesh refinement N-body+gasdynamics ART code. To assess the impact of galaxy formation, we compare tw...
We compute the hard X-ray spectra from a hot plasma pervaded by small cold dense clouds. The main cooling mechanism of the plasma is Compton cooling by the soft thermal emission from the clouds. We compute numerically the equilibrium temperature of the plasma together with the escaping spectrum. The spectrum depends mainly on the amount of cold clouds filling the hot phase. The clouds covering ...
A single relaxation time model is used to describe the kinetics of enthalpy relaxation of glassforming systems subjected to a temperature modulated cooling or heating. There are two time scales of the measurement, a short one fixed by the modulation frequency and a slow one, determined by the average heating or cooling rate. It is demonstrated that the maximal respond of the system appears when...
The impact of cooling flows on the T X − L Bol relation for the most X-ray luminous clusters. ABSTRACT We examine the effects of cooling flows on the T X − L Bol relation for a sample of the most X-ray luminous (L Bol > 10 45 erg s −1) clusters of galaxies known. Using high-quality ASCA X-ray spectra and ROSAT images we explicitly account for the effects of cooling flows on the X-ray properties...
We identify a universal relation between the radial density slope α(r) and the velocity anisotropy β(r) for equilibrated structures. This relation holds for a variety of systems, including disk galaxy mergers, spherical collapses, cold dark matter (CDM) halos both with and without cooling. We argue that the shape of the relation is reasonable from fundamental principles when the dark matter or ...
The impact of cooling flows on the T X − L Bol relation for the most luminous clusters. ABSTRACT We examine the effects of cooling flows on the T X − L Bol relation for a sample of the most X-ray luminous (L Bol > 10 45 erg s −1) clusters of galaxies known. Using high-quality ASCA X-ray spectra and ROSAT images we explicitly account for the effects of cooling flows on the X-ray properties of th...
Insulation reduces heat exchange between a body and the environment. Glabrous (nonhairy) skin surfaces (palms of the hands, soles of the feet, face, and ears) constitute a small percentage of total body surface area but contain specialized vascular structures that facilitate heat loss. We have previously reported that cooling the glabrous skin surfaces is effective in alleviating heat stress an...
We build up a LD end-pumped Er,Yb:YAB laser at 1.55 μm and improve the laser performance by end cooling the gain medium efficiently through a sapphire plate. 680 mW cw single transverse mode laser output was obtained with the slope efficiency of 16.3%. Using an etalon placed in the laser cavity, 400 mW cw single frequency 1.55 μm laser output was achieved with the slope efficiency of 11.8%. The...
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