COP (coat protein) I-coated vesicles mediate intra-Golgi transport and retrograde transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum. These vesicles form through the action of the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and the COPI heptameric protein complex (coatomer), which consists of seven subunits (α-, β-, β'-, γ-, δ-, ε- and ζ-COP). In contrast to mammals and yeast, several isof...

BACKGROUND The plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) plays a major role in transcapillary fluid balance. There is no information on plasma COP of healthy infants beyond the first post-natal week. The normal COP in healthy adult subjects (25 mmHg) is currently also applied as a reference value for healthy infants. This study was designed to test whether plasma COP values in healthy infants are t...

We consider a variant of the game of Cops and Robbers, called Lazy Cops and Robbers, where at most one cop can move in any round. We investigate the analogue of the cop number for this game, which we call the lazy cop number. Lazy Cops and Robbers was recently introduced by Offner and Ojakian, who provided asymptotic upper and lower bounds on the lazy cop number of the hypercube. By coupling th...

Scholarly and popular literature in the recent past has framed nonproliferation diplomacy toward both Iran and North Korea as an example of ‘‘good cop/bad cop,’’ a social-psychological strategy borrowed from law enforcement to describe a process for forcing a confession by subjecting a target to stressful emotional contrast. This article examines those two cases, roughly covering the period sin...

BACKGROUND Information on the absorption of cholesterol oxidation products (COP) from ordinary foodstuff in humans is scarce. METHODS Five healthy young men were offered a salami- and Parmesan-containing meal naturally rich in COP. Plasma and lipoprotein COP concentrations were measured over the following 9 h. RESULTS The mean plasma free (nonesterified) COP concentration showed its maximal...

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is an important determinant in edema formation. Three methods for assessing the COP were evaluated. Direct measurement of COP using the 4420 Wescor Colloid Osmometer was compared to the estimation of COP from both serum total protein and total serum solids (TSS) determinations. Blood samples from twenty adult patients (mean age = 64 years) undergoing card...

OBJECTIVES Kinetic patterns of the lower extremity joints have been shown to be influenced by modification of the location of the center of pressure (CoP) of the foot. The accepted theory is that a shifted location of the CoP alters the distance between the ground reaction force and the center of the joint, thereby modifying torques during gait. Various footwear designs have been reported to si...

In this study, two force platforms were synchronized to investigate the coordination of the right and left foot center of pressure (COP(R) and COP(L)) and its relation to the COP(NET) in the control of 5 upright postures with and without visual information. The results revealed that the standard deviation (SD) of COP(L), COP(R), and COP(NET) progressively increased in the more challenging stagg...

There are many programming paradigms for the separation of concerns (SoC). Each paradigm modularizes concerns in a different way. Context-oriented programming (COP) has been developed as a supplement to objectoriented programming (OOP), which is one of the most widely used paradigms for SoC. It modularizes concerns that are difficult for OOP. In this paper, we focus on three paradigms OOP, aspe...