INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate coplanar and non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) delivery techniques for stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) to the lung. METHODS For ten patients who had already completed a course of radiation therapy for early stage lung cancer, three new SABR treatment plans were created using (1) a coplanar full arc (FA...

PURPOSE The 4π static non-coplanar radiotherapy delivery technique has demonstrated better normal tissue sparing and dose conformity than the clinically used volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). It is unclear whether this is a fundamental limitation of VMAT delivery or the coplanar nature of its typical clinical plans. The dosimetry and the limits of normal tissue toxicity constrained dose ...

We introduce a novel RGB-D patch descriptor designed for detecting coplanar surfaces in SLAM reconstruction. The core of our method is a deep convolutional neural net that takes in RGB, depth, and normal information of a planar patch in an image and outputs a descriptor that can be used to find coplanar patches from other images. We train the network on 10 million triplets of coplanar and non-c...

The increasing number of interconnect layers that are needed in a CMOS process to meet the routing and power requirements of large digital circuits also yield significant advantages for analog applications. The reverse thickness scaling of the top metal layer can be exploited in the design of low-loss transmission lines. Coplanar transmission lines in the top metal layers take advantage of a lo...

We show that developmental exposure of the laboratory rat to the coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and the structurally similar congener 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PtCB) elevates dopamine (DA) concentrations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). To determine whether these coplanar congeners are estrogenic, and may thus contribute to the elevati...

Uniform crossover for binary strings has a natural geometric interpretation that allows us to generalize it rigorously to any search space endowed with a notion of distance and any representation [6]. In this paper, we present an analogous characterization for one-point crossover and explicitly derive formally specific one-point crossovers for a number of well-known representations.

The fused pyrazole and pyrimidine rings in the title compound, C16H15N3O2, are almost coplanar, being inclined to one another by 1.31 (12)°. The mean plane of this fused ring system is nearly coplanar with the phenyl ring, as indicated by the dihedral angle between their planes of 1.31 (12)°. The fused-ring system and the phenyl ring are nearly coplanar, as indicated by the dihedral angle of 1....