Microscale Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is a technique that may be potentially used to manipulate the residual stress distributions in metal film structures and thus improve the reliability performances of micro-devices. In this study, microscale LSP of copper thin films on single crystal silicon substrates is investigated. Curvature measurements verify that substantial average compressive resi...

Thin-film CdS is used as a window layer in most of the current thin-film polycrystalline device technologies including absorbers based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium selenide (CIS) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). Device performance has been linked to the deposition technique and posttreatment of the CdS layer. Here we used the radio frequency photoconductive decay (RFP...

Copper iodide (CuI) thin films were grown on Si(100) substrates using a copper film iodination reaction method. It was found that γ-CuI films have a uniform and dense microstructure with (111)-orientation. Transmission spectra indicated that CuI thin films have an average transmittance of about 60% in the visible range and the optical band gap is 3.01 eV. By checking the effect of the thickness...

The opportunities for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy conversion are reviewed in the context of projected world energy demands for the twenty-first century. Conventional single-crystal silicon solar cells are facing increasingly strong competition from thin-film solar cells based primarily on polycrystalline absorber materials, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenid...

A novel scheme is presented for the synthesis of graded materials by electrodeposition in porous insulating templates. Lateral control of copper electrodeposition in nanoporous alumina membranes is achieved by application of a lateral potential gradient on a thin Au film evaporated on the membrane, used as the cathode. Formation of metal gradients in the membranes is shown to occur under condit...

Azole derivatives are common inhibitors of copper corrosion due to the chemical adsorption occurring on the metal surface that gives rise to a protective film. In particular, 1,2,4-triazole performs comparable to benzotriazole, which is much more widely used, but is by no means an environmentally friendly agent. In this study, we have analyzed the adsorption of 1,2,4-triazole on copper by takin...

A novel design electroplating spring frame MEMS structure specimen is demonstrated here. The specimen can be fit into a specially designed microtensile apparatus which is capable of carrying out a series of tests on submicro scale freestanding thin films. Certain thin films applicable in MEMS were tested including sputtered Chrome, Nicole, Copper, Tantalum Nitride thin films. Metal specimens we...

A prototypical metal-organic framework (MOF), a 2D periodic porous structure based on the assembly of copper ions and benzene dicarboxylate (bdc) ligands (Cu(bdc)·xH2O), was grown successfully as a thin film on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). IDEs have been used for achieving planar CMOS-compatible low-cost capacitive sensing structures for the detection of humidity and volatile organic compo...

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNLOGY P.O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Author Kirsi Yliniemi Name of the dissertation Different Approaches for Surface Modifications: Formation of Inhibitive Film on Copper Surfaces and Surfaces Functionalised with Ag Nanoparticles Manuscript submitted 28 November 2007 Manuscript revised N/A Date of the defence 28 March 2008 Monog...