The environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions from buildings—especially in global cities such as Toronto—is well documented. Green mitigation new and existing buildings has also been researched. Few studies, however, have focused on the decision to build or retrofit green. Are key stakeholders Toronto’s office building sector aligning their decisions achieve sustainable goals? Do they su...

OBJECTIVES To verify the influence of different etching procedures of the post-surface on microtensile bond strength values between fiber posts and composite core materials. METHODS 60 DT Light Posts were divided into 10 subgroups using five different chemical surface treatments and two composite materials to build-up the abutment. Chemical surface treatments including etching with potassium ...

We discuss how to build systems with sophisticated features based on a core set of bioinformatics tools. Beside from being the front-end server to the core analyses, such a system can manage users, bioinformatics content and shared data. Using tools available in the open-source community, we show how to build a system with such sophisticated features with a relatively minimal effort, especially...

The protocluster SPT2349$-$56 at $z\,{=}\,4.3$ contains one of the most actively star-forming cores known, yet constraints on total stellar mass this system are highly uncertain. We have therefore carried out deep optical and infrared observations system, probing rest-frame ultraviolet to wavelengths. Using positions spectroscopically-confirmed members, we identify counterparts perform detailed...