Experimental herpes simplex keratitis in the mouse produced a rapid fall in both corneal sensitivity and levels of corneal substance P (SP). This finding supports the association of SP with sensory neurones and shows that such levels can be used as an indication of damage to neurones resulting, for example, from infection with HSV. However, the delay in recovery of SP compared to the more rapid...

SINCE the first fundamental papers of Paul Weiss (1924), a considerable body of evidence has been accumulated in favour of the assumption that different tissues or organs transplanted heterotopically exert some specific modulatory influence on neurons, the processes of which happened to grow into the grafts; the grafts in turn provide these neurons with capacities present in the neurons normall...

A 2-month-old, 110-kg Saddlebred filly presented for evaluation of bilateral cataracts. A hypermature cataract in the left eye (OS) and an incipient nuclear cataract in the right eye (OD) were diagnosed. Electroretinography and ocular ultrasound revealed no contraindications for surgical removal of the cataractous lens OS. Phacoemulsification and implantation of a +14 diopter (D) intraocular le...

An epileptic girl with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome had seizures triggered specifically by blinking, but not by other eye movements or by photic stimulation. Electrographic and clinical seizures were most reliably precipitated by repetitive blinking produced voluntarily on command, by reflex blinking on corneal stimulation, or by psychogenic triggers of blinking such as social stress or cognitive ef...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effectiveness and usefulness of contact topical anesthesia in strabismus surgery in adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 20 patients undergoing strabismus surgery using contact topical anesthesia and sedation with remifentanil. The intensity of pain was recorded using a numeric pain rating scale at the time of anesthesia implementa...

PURPOSE To evaluate the results of levator resection in patients with myopathic ptosis. METHODS The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent levator resection surgery performed for myopathic ptosis between October 2009 and March 2013 were reviewed. Indications for surgery were ptosis obscuring the visual axis and margin-reflex distance ≤ 2 mm. Surgical success was defined as clea...

Unilateral reduction in eyelid motility produced two modes of blink adaptation in humans. The first adaptive modification affected both eyelids. Stimulation of the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (SO) ipsilateral to the upper eyelid with reduced motility evoked bilateral, hyperexcitable reflex blinks, whereas contralateral SO stimulation elicited normally excitable blinks bilaterall...

The aim of the study is to describe the results of dynamic muscle transfer with an orbicularis oculi muscle flap from the contralateral side to the paralyzed side in patients with House-Brackmann grade 6 facial nerve palsy. This case series included six patients who underwent dynamic muscle transfer with a flap of healthy orbicularis oculi muscle fibers from the contralateral side into the para...

Introduction Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at increased risk of developing exposure keratopathy (EK) due to intubation, sedation, paralysis and metabolic disturbance. The factors lead to reduced venous return from the eyes, impairment of the blink reflex, loss of the tone of the orbicularis oculi muscles and dysfunction of the corneal healing. EK can lead to shortand long-term visual i...

PURPOSE To investigate the interaction between corneal stimuli at different positions and tear secretion and to establish relationships between nociceptive stimuli detection thresholds and stimulated tearing. METHODS Using a computerized Belmonte-esthesiometer, mechanical and chemical stimuli, from 0% to 200% of the threshold in 50% steps, were delivered (in random order) to the central and p...