The study analyses the relevance of trade agreement between Colombia and European Union as a policy that promotes them (export import flows) and, subsequently, establishes its effectiveness in reducing deficit former. Furthermore, paper determinants flows parties, emphasizing effect factor endowment on their bilateral trade. We use panel data set from 2005 to 2019, wherein export countries are ...

A well-known theory (Lazear, 1979) argues that wage patterns in which younger workers are underpaid relative to marginal revenue product and older workers are overpaid relative to marginal revenue product can be understood as an implicit contract designed to combat principal-agent problems in environments where worker monitoring is costly. In this paper I argue that a number of recent developme...

Massive piracy and counterfeiting has been the subject of a perennial dispute between China and the United States. Although China‘s accession to the World Trade Organization (―WTO‖) has provided the United States with a new weapon in its arsenal—the mandatory dispute settlement process—the recent panel decision on China—Measures Affecting the Protection and Enforcement of Intellectual Property ...

Christian Louboutin. Manchester United. Agent Provocateur. In a world where trademarks have become more than brand identifiers, counterfeit versions of brands should be easily identifiable. Yet counterfeiting regimes from Asian countries continue to funnel goods through the United States and European Union borders. Both regions impose stricter anti-counterfeiting laws regulations. Nevertheless,...

Counterfeiting is a very serious threat to supply chain management systems. RFID systems are widely used to automate and speed up the process of remotely identifying products, however these systems are vulnerable to counterfeiting. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical anti-counterfeiting mechanism which uses a layered approach to identify dishonest middle parties involved in both counterfei...

One justification for cash-in-advance equilibria is the assumption that the counterfeiting of money is impossible, while the counterfeiting of higher-return substitute media-ofexchange is costless. It is shown that this justification is not robust to replacing costless by costly and placing the analysis within a signaling-game framework in which the intuitive criterion is invoked. In particular...

We study counterfeiting of currency in a search-theoretic model of monetary exchange. In contrast to Nosal and Wallace (2007), we establish that counterfeiting does not pose a threat to the existence of a monetary equilibrium; i.e., a monetary equilibrium exists irrespective of the cost of producing counterfeits, or the ease with which genuine money can be authenticated. However, the possibilit...

Abstract On 6 December 2006, Australia and Korea announced a joint study on a possible Australia-Korea free trade agreement (AKFTA) to promote trade and economic relations between the two countries. The paper provides empirical evidence on the possible gains and their transmission mechanism from this agreement. Significantly, it uses a new economic policy modelling approach, the endogenous grav...

to promote their exports and get access to world market, many countries have adopted the policy of exports subsidies. subsidies are usually provided by governments or state bodies which cause adverse effects to the interests of another member of countries or disturb the process of free trade worldwide. world trade organization (wto) which is established on free and fair trade, has put limitatio...