نتایج جستجو برای: crack cocaine
تعداد نتایج: 39318 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
OBJECTIVE To analyze the evolution of drug use among treated crack cocaine users. METHODS A cohort originally comprising 131 crack addicts admitted to a detoxification unit in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between 1992 and 1994 were followed up on three occasions: 1995-96, 1998-99, and 2005-06. Variables investigated included demographical data, risky sexual behaviors, intake pa...
Cocaine is an alkaloid found in the leaves of Erythroxylon coca, commonly known as coca. Erythroxylon coca is a native plant of the Andean and Amazon regions in South America. In the mid19th century the inhabitants of the Andes chewed the leaves to ward off fatigue, hunger and thirst, to enhance endurance, and to promote a sense of wellbeing. Cocaine was used as a local anesthetic in eye, ear a...
BACKGROUND Crack cocaine use is known to contribute to poor adherence to antiretroviral medications; however, little is known about facilitators of or barriers to effective HIV treatment use among HIV-infected crack cocaine users. We sought to identify correlates of optimal pharmacy refill adherence for antiretroviral medications and plasma HIV RNA viral load (pVL) suppression among this popula...
BACKGROUND People who smoke crack cocaine experience a wide variety of health-related issues. However, public health programming designed for this population is limited, particularly in comparison with programming for people who inject drugs. Canadian best practice recommendations encourage needle and syringe programs (NSPs) to provide education about safer crack cocaine smoking practices, dist...
BACKGROUND Little is known about the possible role that smoking crack cocaine has on the incidence of HIV infection. Given the increasing use of crack cocaine, we sought to examine whether use of this illicit drug has become a risk factor for HIV infection. METHODS We included data from people participating in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study who reported injecting illicit drugs at le...
Cocaine and its alkaloid free base "crack-cocaine" have long since been substances of abuse. Drug abuse of cocaine via oral, inhalation, intravenous, and intranasal intake has famously been associated with a number of medical complications. Intestinal ischemia and perforation remain the most common manifestations of cocaine associated gastrointestinal disease and have historically been associat...
BACKGROUND Cocaine and crack use has been associated with HIV and HCV infections, but its consequences on HCV progression have not been well established. We analyzed the impact of cocaine/crack use on liver fibrosis progression in a cohort of HIV-HCV co-infected patients. METHODS A Canadian multicenter prospective cohort study followed 1238 HIV-HCV co-infected persons every 6 months between 2...
Young African-American women are the fastest growing group of crack cocaine users in the United States. Despite this increase, relatively little is known about women who use crack cocaine and the possible reasons for their drug use. This descriptive, exploratory study focused on data from a sample of 105, predominantly African-American women who use(d) crack cocaine, of whom 60 were in drug tre...
OBJECTIVE The search for genetic vulnerability factors in cocaine dependence has focused on the role that neuroplasticity plays in addiction. However, like many other drugs, the ability of an individual to metabolize cocaine can also influence susceptibility to dependence. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) metabolizes cocaine, and genetic variants of the BChE gene (BCHE) alter its catalytic activity...
BACKGROUND High impulsivity and attentional bias are common in cocaine-dependent patients and predict poor treatment outcomes. The pharmacological agent modafinil is studied for its cognitive-enhancing capacities and may therefore improve clinical outcomes in crack-cocaine dependent patients. In this study, we investigated first whether pre-treatment impulsivity and attentional bias predict tre...
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