There are many ways that women support their use of crack cocaine, including sex-for-crack bartering and other forms of prostitution. Empirical studies conducted in the mid-1970s and in the mid-1980s in New York City, and in Chicago in the late 1980s to early 1990s are compared, analyzing similarities and differences between the contemporary crack-prostitution scene and previous prostitution sc...

This paper focuses on the analysis of the partial differential equations arising from a new approach to modeling brittle fracture based on an extension of continuum mechanics to the nanoscale. It is shown that ascribing constant surface tension to the fracture surfaces and using the appropriate crack surface boundary condition given by the jump momentum balance, leads to a sharp crack opening p...

Finite element analysis of the delamination crack propagation in laminated composites is presented. Fracture mechanics based Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT), and the cohesive element technique, have been used to simulate the delamination initiation and propagation under Mode-I type loading. Detailed description of the parameter selection process for these two techniques with ABAQUS®/Stan...

Recent work (Rice, 1985a) has presented the calculations of the first order variation in an elastic displacement field associated with arbitrary incremental planar advance of the location of the front of a half-plane crack in a loaded elastic full space. That work also indicated the relation of such calculations to a three-dimensional weight function theory for crack analysis and derived an exp...