In an attempt to increase sustainability of construction materials, both ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and, less popular, copper (CS) can be used in alkali-activated composites. However, such composites are often more susceptible cracking, triggered by the self-desiccation processes. The addition superabsorbent polymers (SAP) may enable internal curing concrete and prevent excessi...

Ethylene pyrolysis furnace is a key equipment in the ethylene production industry with tube being core component of system. The operates at high temperature (950°C–1,100°C) and hydrocarbon medium for long time, Cr35Ni45Nb centrifugal casting alloy material often chosen as tube. Due to its harsh working conditions, common failure issues include carburization, high-temperature creep cracking, the...

A mathematical heat transfer model for the prediction of transient heating of the slab in a direct-fired walking beam type reheating furnace has been developed by considering the nongray thermal radiation with given furnace environments. The furnace is modeled as radiating nongray medium with carbon dioxide and water with five-zoned gas temperature and the furnace wall is considered as a consta...

An analytical model of a spreader-stoker wood waste fired boiler has been developed for pre­ dicting the size of the largest particle which can be entrained by the upward motion of the furnace gases. This model is based on an entrainment model which equates particle in-situ settling velocity to furnace gas velocity and uses a stirred reactor mod­ el to evaluate furnace conditions. The effects o...

Carbon anodes are used in aluminium electrolysis. Their quality plays a major role the stability of cell operation and energy consumption. The improvement carbon is essential to respond many challenges industry facing with respect issues related loss, use, performance, production cost, especially for high amperage cells. presence cracks increases anode resistivity, and, as result, power consump...

The blast-furnace process consists of a large number of processes that are physicochemical, thermal and mechanical interconnected processes. In addition to main processes consisting of iron oxides reduction, pig iron and slag melt creation, also realised are fuel combustion, gas flow, charge and melt flow, dissociation and other reactions in the solid and liquid phases. Inputs to the blast-furn...

M. Szega, W. Stanek Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland L. Blacha Silesian University of Technology, Katowice, Poland The reduction of energy consumption in the blast furnace is still the subject of investigations using mathematical modelling of a blast furnace plant. Theoretical-empirical hybrid models of a blast furnace and its equipment have been presented. This model is built...

Deposits can affect the in-furnace wall surface temperature in a Kraft recovery furnace. In CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models of the Kraft recovery furnace, the wall surface temperature is frequently used as the heat-transfer boundary condition. Therefore, the effect of deposits must be taken into account in CFD models. In this work, CFD simulations of a Kraft recovery furnace were perf...