This chapter presents the energy dissipation approach for analyzing surface contact damages in various materials, including composite materials. As known, surface contact is a very common phenomenon, which can be found in daily life and many scientific and engineering problems. The contact of different bodies can be modeled as indentation. Analysis of indentation and modeling of the deformation...

In two large web-based studies, across five distinct criteria, presenting survey items one-at-a-time was psychometrically either the same or better than presenting survey items all-at-once on a single web page to volunteer participants. In the one-at-a-time format, participants were no more likely to drop-out of the study (Criterion 1), and were much more likely to provide answers for the surve...

One of the serious damages of tremendous earthquakes is the damage to bridges as the major components in an    arterial road network, as relief operation is interrupted following cutting roads. Regardless of the magnitude and severity of an earthquake, other factors are also important in the strength and seismic performance of concrete bridges. Freezing-thawing cycles are among the factors, whi...

The most negative effects caused by noise exposure related to the hearing system are well known and may produce professional or even permanent deafness. Since these effects have very important influence on worker’s health and well-being, it is necessary to evaluate the hearing loss caused by occupational exposure to noise in order to propose preventive solutions. A large number of compensation ...

Modeling progressive damage in composite materials and structures poses considerable challenges because damage is, in general, complex and involves multiple modes such as delamination, transverse cracking, fiber breakage, fiber pullout, etc. Clearly, damage in composites can be investigated at different length scales, ranging from the micromechanical to the macromechanical specimen and structur...