the factors such as disease can disrupt homeostasis, resulting in perturbations of endogenous biochemicals that are involved in key metabolic profiles. metabonomics is useful technique to quantitative description of endogenous metabolites present in a biological sample such as urine, plasma and tissue. high resolution 1 h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr)-based metabonomics is a technique used t...

background: crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract including the mouth. bowel symptoms are predominant. oral involvement may precede the gi symptoms. this case report presents a patient affected by crohn’s disease with oral onset. case presentation: we present a 30-year-old pregnant woman complaining of chronic, multiple, yel...

Nutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis, treatment, and morbidity of Crohn disease. Approximately two thirds to three fourths of hospitalized patients with active disease and one fourth of outpatients with Crohn disease are malnourished. Malnutrition, which can be present even when Crohn disease is in remission, can affect growth, cellular and humoral immunity, bone density, and w...